NMNC 4510 Concept Synthesis Page 1
A 50-year-old client who has aortic stenosis and is "Are you concerned that you may die during surgery?"
scheduled for a valve replacement tells the nurse, "I
gave my spouse all my financial records in case I Rationale:
don't make it." Which response by the nurse is best? Asking if the client is concerned about dying is reflective and encourages
further communication. A statement that the surgeon is experienced may be
"Your surgeon is very experienced." true, but is not specific to the client's statement and cuts off further
communication. Telling the client that other people generally do well is
"People your age generally do very well." nonspecific and provides false reassurance that is unlikely to decrease
anxiety. Asking about whether the client would like sleep medication evades
"Are you concerned that you may die during the client's concerns and cuts off more communication about the client's
surgery?" concerns.
"Would you like medication to help you sleep at
night?"
NMNC 4510 Concept Synthesis 2/5/2026
,NMNC 4510 Concept Synthesis Page 2
After donning gloves, which action would the nurse Assess the catheterization site.
take first after discovering a large amount of blood
under the buttocks of a client who had a cardiac Rationale:
catheterization through the femoral artery? Observing standard precautions is the first priority when dealing with any
body fluid, followed by assessment of the catheterization site as the second
Apply pressure to the site. priority. This action establishes the source of the blood and determines how
much blood has been lost. Once the source of the bleeding is determined,
Obtain vital signs. the priority goal for this client is to stop the bleeding and ensure stability of
the client by monitoring the vital signs. Changing the client's gown and bed
Change the client's gown and bed linens. linens is not necessary until the bleeding is controlled and the client is
stabilized.
Assess the catheterization site.
NMNC 4510 Concept Synthesis 2/5/2026
,NMNC 4510 Concept Synthesis Page 3
The arterial blood gases for a client with acute 4) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
respiratory distress are pH 7.30, PaO2 80 mm Hg
(10.64 kPa), PaCO2 55 mm Hg (7.32 kPa), and HCO3
23 mEq/L (23 mmol/L). How would the nurse interpret
these findings?
1) Hypoxemia
2) Hypocapnia
3) Compensated metabolic acidosis
4) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
The arterial blood gases for a client with acute 4) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
respiratory distress are pH 7.30, PaO2 80 mm Hg
(10.64 kPa), PaCO2 55 mm Hg (7.32 kPa), and HCO3
23 mEq/L (23 mmol/L). How would the nurse interpret
these findings?
1) Hypoxemia
2) Hypocapnia
3) Compensated metabolic acidosis
4) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
NMNC 4510 Concept Synthesis 2/5/2026
, NMNC 4510 Concept Synthesis Page 4
An arterial blood gas report indicates that pH is 7.25, 1) A client with pulmonary fibrosis
Pco2 is 60 mm Hg, and HCO3 is 26 mEq/L (26
mmol/L). Which client is most likely to exhibit these
blood gas results?
1) A client with pulmonary fibrosis
2) A client with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes
3) A client who has been vomiting for 3 days
4) A client who takes sodium bicarbonate for
indigestion
An arterial blood gas report indicates that pH is 7.25, 1) A client with pulmonary fibrosis
Pco2 is 60 mm Hg, and HCO3 is 26 mEq/L (26
mmol/L). Which client is most likely to exhibit these
blood gas results?
1) A client with pulmonary fibrosis
2) A client with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes
3) A client who has been vomiting for 3 days
4) A client who takes sodium bicarbonate for
indigestion
NMNC 4510 Concept Synthesis 2/5/2026
A 50-year-old client who has aortic stenosis and is "Are you concerned that you may die during surgery?"
scheduled for a valve replacement tells the nurse, "I
gave my spouse all my financial records in case I Rationale:
don't make it." Which response by the nurse is best? Asking if the client is concerned about dying is reflective and encourages
further communication. A statement that the surgeon is experienced may be
"Your surgeon is very experienced." true, but is not specific to the client's statement and cuts off further
communication. Telling the client that other people generally do well is
"People your age generally do very well." nonspecific and provides false reassurance that is unlikely to decrease
anxiety. Asking about whether the client would like sleep medication evades
"Are you concerned that you may die during the client's concerns and cuts off more communication about the client's
surgery?" concerns.
"Would you like medication to help you sleep at
night?"
NMNC 4510 Concept Synthesis 2/5/2026
,NMNC 4510 Concept Synthesis Page 2
After donning gloves, which action would the nurse Assess the catheterization site.
take first after discovering a large amount of blood
under the buttocks of a client who had a cardiac Rationale:
catheterization through the femoral artery? Observing standard precautions is the first priority when dealing with any
body fluid, followed by assessment of the catheterization site as the second
Apply pressure to the site. priority. This action establishes the source of the blood and determines how
much blood has been lost. Once the source of the bleeding is determined,
Obtain vital signs. the priority goal for this client is to stop the bleeding and ensure stability of
the client by monitoring the vital signs. Changing the client's gown and bed
Change the client's gown and bed linens. linens is not necessary until the bleeding is controlled and the client is
stabilized.
Assess the catheterization site.
NMNC 4510 Concept Synthesis 2/5/2026
,NMNC 4510 Concept Synthesis Page 3
The arterial blood gases for a client with acute 4) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
respiratory distress are pH 7.30, PaO2 80 mm Hg
(10.64 kPa), PaCO2 55 mm Hg (7.32 kPa), and HCO3
23 mEq/L (23 mmol/L). How would the nurse interpret
these findings?
1) Hypoxemia
2) Hypocapnia
3) Compensated metabolic acidosis
4) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
The arterial blood gases for a client with acute 4) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
respiratory distress are pH 7.30, PaO2 80 mm Hg
(10.64 kPa), PaCO2 55 mm Hg (7.32 kPa), and HCO3
23 mEq/L (23 mmol/L). How would the nurse interpret
these findings?
1) Hypoxemia
2) Hypocapnia
3) Compensated metabolic acidosis
4) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
NMNC 4510 Concept Synthesis 2/5/2026
, NMNC 4510 Concept Synthesis Page 4
An arterial blood gas report indicates that pH is 7.25, 1) A client with pulmonary fibrosis
Pco2 is 60 mm Hg, and HCO3 is 26 mEq/L (26
mmol/L). Which client is most likely to exhibit these
blood gas results?
1) A client with pulmonary fibrosis
2) A client with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes
3) A client who has been vomiting for 3 days
4) A client who takes sodium bicarbonate for
indigestion
An arterial blood gas report indicates that pH is 7.25, 1) A client with pulmonary fibrosis
Pco2 is 60 mm Hg, and HCO3 is 26 mEq/L (26
mmol/L). Which client is most likely to exhibit these
blood gas results?
1) A client with pulmonary fibrosis
2) A client with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes
3) A client who has been vomiting for 3 days
4) A client who takes sodium bicarbonate for
indigestion
NMNC 4510 Concept Synthesis 2/5/2026
