The agent-host-environment model of health and illness is a. The interaction of the agent, host, and environment creates risk factors that
based on what concept? increase the probability of disease.
a. Risk factors
b. Demographic variables
c. Behaviors to promote health
d. Stages of illness
. A nurse assesses patients in a physician's office who are b, e, f. Each person defines health and illness individually, based on a number of
experiencing different levels of health and illness. Which factors. Health is more than just the absence of illness; it is an active process in
statements best define the concepts of health and illness? which a person moves toward one's maximum potential. An illness is the response
Select all that apply. of the person to a disease.
a. Health and illness are the same for all people.
b. Health and illness are individually defined by each
person.
c. People with acute illnesses are actually healthy.
d. People with chronic illnesses have poor health beliefs.
e. Health is more than the absence of illness.
f. Illness is the response of a person to a disease.
A caregiver asks a nurse to explain respite care. How a. Respite care is provided to enable a primary caregiver time away from the day-
would the nurse respond? to-day responsibilities of homebound patients.
a. "A service that allows time away for caregivers"
b. "A special service for the terminally ill and their family"
c. "Direct care provided to individuals in a long-term care
facility"
d. "Living units for people without regular shelter"
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Despite a national focus on health promotion, nurses b, c, d, f. National trends in the prevention of health disparities are focused on
working with patients in inner-city clinics continue to see vulnerable populations, such as racial and ethnic minorities, those living in poverty,
disparities in health care for vulnerable populations. Which women, children, older adults, rural and inner-city residents, and people with
patients would be considered vulnerable populations? disabilities and special health care needs.
Select all that apply.
a. A White male diagnosed with HIV
b. An African American teenager who is 6 months pregnant
c. A Hispanic male who has type II diabetes
d. A low-income family living in rural America
e. A middle-class teacher living in a large city
f. A White baby who was born with cerebral palsy
Health promotion activities may occur on a primary, b, c. Tertiary health promotion and disease prevention begins after an illness is
secondary, or tertiary level. Which activities are considered diagnosed and treated to reduce disability and to help rehabilitate patients to a
tertiary health promotion? Select all that apply. maximum level of functioning. These activities include providing ROM exercises
and patient teaching for residual limb care. Providing immunizations and teaching
a. A nurse runs an immunization clinic in the inner city. parents how to childproof their homes and use an appropriate car seat are primary
b. A nurse teaches a patient with an amputation how to health promotion activities. Providing screenings is a secondary health promotion
care for the residual limb. activity.
c. A nurse provides range-of-motion exercises for a
paralyzed patient.
d. A nurse teaches parents of toddlers how to childproof
their homes.
e. A school nurse provides screening for scoliosis for the
students.
f. A nurse teaches new parents how to choose and use an
infant car seat.
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In early civilizations, the theory of animism attempted to d. The theory of animism was based on the belief that everything in nature was
explain the mysterious changes occurring in bodily alive with invisible forces and endowed with power. In this era, the nurse usually
functions. Which statement describes a component of the was the mother who cared for her family during sickness by providing physical care
development of nursing that occurred in this era? and herbal remedies. At the beginning of the 16th century the shortage of nurses
led to the recruitment of women who had committed crimes to provide nursing care
a. Women who committed crimes were recruited into instead of going to jail. In the early Christian period, women called deaconesses
nursing the sick in lieu of serving jail sentences. made the first organized visits to sick people, and members of male religious orders
b. Nurses identified the personal needs of the patient and gave nursing care and buried the dead. The influences of Florence Nightingale
their role in meeting those needs. were apparent from the middle of the 19th century to the 20th century; one of her
c. Women called deaconesses made the first visits to the accomplishments was identifying the personal needs of the patient and the nurse's
sick and male religious orders cared for the sick and role in meeting those needs.
buried the dead.
d. The nurse was the mother who cared for her family
during sickness by using herbal remedies.
The National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and b. The National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice identifies the
Practice identifies critical challenges to nursing practice in following critical challenges to nursing practice in the 21st century: A growing
the 21st century. What is a current health care trend population of hospitalized patients who are older and more acutely ill, increasing
contributing to these challenges? health care costs, and the need to stay current with rapid advances in medical
knowledge and technology.
a. Decreased numbers of hospitalized patients
b. Older and more acutely ill patients
c. Decreasing health care costs due to managed care
d. Slowed advances in medical knowledge and technology
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