Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care Test Questions and Answers
Graded A
An APGAR score of 5 is determined 1 minute after stress in an infant?
delivery of a term infant. Which of the following
should be done next? 1. Hypoxemia
2. Metabolic acidosis
a. Stimulate and deliver low-to-moderate O2 3. Hypoglycemia
concentrations 4.Decreased O2 consumption
b. Intubate and initiate mechanical ventilation
c. Intubate and initiate CPAP and 80% O2 a. 1 and 3 only
d. Initiate nasal CPAP and 100% O2 - b. 2 and 4 only
ANSWER -Stimulate and deliver low-to- c. 1, 2, and 3 only
moderate O2 concentrations d. 1, 2, and 4 only - ANSWER -1, 2, and 3 only
The foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus remain An elevation in the levels of chloride in sweat is
patent in infants with persistent fetal circulation as a diagnostic for which of the following lung conditions?
direct result of which of the following?
a. Bronchiolitis
a. Hypocarbia b. Cystic fibrosis
b. Pulmonary hypertension c. Hyaline membrane disease
c. Hyperoxia d. Epiglottitis - ANSWER -Cystic fibrosis
d. Arterial hypotension - ANSWER -Pulmonary
hypertension
A 28-week gestational age neonate is suspected of
having a pneumothorax. Which of the following
Which of the following is not an indication for nasal should the respiratory therapist recommend to help
CPAP in an infant? diagnose if this condition is present?
a. To increase static lung compliance 1. Transillumination of the chest
b. To decrease functional residual capacity 2. Transcutaneous PO2 monitoring
c. To decrease pulmonary vascular resistance 3. Chest radiograph
d. To decrease intrapulmonary shunting - 4. Arterial blood gas
ANSWER -To decrease functional residual
capacity a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 2, 3, and 4 only
Which of the following are potential complications of d. 1, 2, 3, and 4 - ANSWER -1 and 3 only
an umbilical artery catheter (UAC)?
1. Pneumothorax To prevent the development of retinopathy of
2. Thromboembolism prematurity in a neonate, the partial pressure of
3. Infection oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) should not exceed
what level?
a. 1 only
b. 2 only a. 40 mmHg
c. 1 and 3 only b. 60 mmHg
d. 2 and 3 only - ANSWER -2 and 3 only c. 80 mmHg
d. 100 mmHg - ANSWER -80 mmHg
Which of the following may occur as a result of cold
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, Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care Test Questions and Answers
Graded A
A pre- and postductal study is done on a neonate
using two transcutaneous O2 monitors. The What is often the first sign of respiratory distress in
transcutaneous oxygen pressure )TcPO2) reads 60 the infant? - ANSWER -Nasal flaring
mmHg on the right upper chest and 40 mmHg on the
thigh. This is indicative of which of the following?
List the normal ABG levels of an infant -
a. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) ANSWER -pH, 7.35-7.45; PaCO2, 35-45
b. Persistant pulmonary hypertension of the newborn mmHg; PaO2, 50-70 mmHg; HCO3, 20-26 mEq/L;
(PPHN) BE, -5-+5
c. Tension pneumothorax
d. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) -
ANSWER -Persistant pulmonary hypertension 1. To improve oxygenation
of the newborn (PPHN) 2. To increase static compliance
3. To increase functional residual capacity
4. To decrease WOB
Which of the following is appropriate treatment for 5. To decrease intrapulmonary shunting
PPHN? 6. To decrease PVR - ANSWER -Indications for
nasal CPAP
a. Permissive hypercapnia
b. Maintaining PaO2 levels at 40 to 50 mmHg
c. Vasopressor administration 1. Barotrauma
d. Inhaled nitric oxide - ANSWER -Inhaled nitric 2. Decreased venous return, resulting in CO
oxide 3. Air-trapping
4. Pressure necrosis
5. Loss of CPAP from crying or displacement -
What 5 conditions are assessed in the APGAR ANSWER -Complications of CPAP
score? - ANSWER -Heart rate, respiratory
effort, color, reflex irritability, muscle tone
1. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
2. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) -
Describe appropriate intervention for the following ANSWER -Hazards of O2 therapy in the
APGAR score: 0-3 - ANSWER -Indicates neonate
severe asphyxia; requires immediate resuscitation
with ventilator assistance.
Describe where the tip of the UAC should rest when
properly positioned. - ANSWER -In the
Describe appropriate intervention for the following descending aorta at either the T6-T10 (thoracic aorta)
APGAR score: 4-6 - ANSWER -Indicates or L3-L4 (lumber aorta)
moderate asphyxia; requires stimulation and O2
administration
1. Frequent ABG samples are easily obtained
2. Prevents frequent peripheral arterial punctures
Describe appropriate intervention for the following 3. Allows continuous monitoring of BP
APGAR score: 7-10 - ANSWER -Is normal, 4. Allows the infusion of drugs and fluids -
requires routine observation, suctioning the upper ANSWER -Advantages of UAC
airway with bulb syringe, drying the infant, and
placing under warmer.
1. Infection
2/5
Graded A
An APGAR score of 5 is determined 1 minute after stress in an infant?
delivery of a term infant. Which of the following
should be done next? 1. Hypoxemia
2. Metabolic acidosis
a. Stimulate and deliver low-to-moderate O2 3. Hypoglycemia
concentrations 4.Decreased O2 consumption
b. Intubate and initiate mechanical ventilation
c. Intubate and initiate CPAP and 80% O2 a. 1 and 3 only
d. Initiate nasal CPAP and 100% O2 - b. 2 and 4 only
ANSWER -Stimulate and deliver low-to- c. 1, 2, and 3 only
moderate O2 concentrations d. 1, 2, and 4 only - ANSWER -1, 2, and 3 only
The foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus remain An elevation in the levels of chloride in sweat is
patent in infants with persistent fetal circulation as a diagnostic for which of the following lung conditions?
direct result of which of the following?
a. Bronchiolitis
a. Hypocarbia b. Cystic fibrosis
b. Pulmonary hypertension c. Hyaline membrane disease
c. Hyperoxia d. Epiglottitis - ANSWER -Cystic fibrosis
d. Arterial hypotension - ANSWER -Pulmonary
hypertension
A 28-week gestational age neonate is suspected of
having a pneumothorax. Which of the following
Which of the following is not an indication for nasal should the respiratory therapist recommend to help
CPAP in an infant? diagnose if this condition is present?
a. To increase static lung compliance 1. Transillumination of the chest
b. To decrease functional residual capacity 2. Transcutaneous PO2 monitoring
c. To decrease pulmonary vascular resistance 3. Chest radiograph
d. To decrease intrapulmonary shunting - 4. Arterial blood gas
ANSWER -To decrease functional residual
capacity a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 2, 3, and 4 only
Which of the following are potential complications of d. 1, 2, 3, and 4 - ANSWER -1 and 3 only
an umbilical artery catheter (UAC)?
1. Pneumothorax To prevent the development of retinopathy of
2. Thromboembolism prematurity in a neonate, the partial pressure of
3. Infection oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) should not exceed
what level?
a. 1 only
b. 2 only a. 40 mmHg
c. 1 and 3 only b. 60 mmHg
d. 2 and 3 only - ANSWER -2 and 3 only c. 80 mmHg
d. 100 mmHg - ANSWER -80 mmHg
Which of the following may occur as a result of cold
1/5
, Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care Test Questions and Answers
Graded A
A pre- and postductal study is done on a neonate
using two transcutaneous O2 monitors. The What is often the first sign of respiratory distress in
transcutaneous oxygen pressure )TcPO2) reads 60 the infant? - ANSWER -Nasal flaring
mmHg on the right upper chest and 40 mmHg on the
thigh. This is indicative of which of the following?
List the normal ABG levels of an infant -
a. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) ANSWER -pH, 7.35-7.45; PaCO2, 35-45
b. Persistant pulmonary hypertension of the newborn mmHg; PaO2, 50-70 mmHg; HCO3, 20-26 mEq/L;
(PPHN) BE, -5-+5
c. Tension pneumothorax
d. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) -
ANSWER -Persistant pulmonary hypertension 1. To improve oxygenation
of the newborn (PPHN) 2. To increase static compliance
3. To increase functional residual capacity
4. To decrease WOB
Which of the following is appropriate treatment for 5. To decrease intrapulmonary shunting
PPHN? 6. To decrease PVR - ANSWER -Indications for
nasal CPAP
a. Permissive hypercapnia
b. Maintaining PaO2 levels at 40 to 50 mmHg
c. Vasopressor administration 1. Barotrauma
d. Inhaled nitric oxide - ANSWER -Inhaled nitric 2. Decreased venous return, resulting in CO
oxide 3. Air-trapping
4. Pressure necrosis
5. Loss of CPAP from crying or displacement -
What 5 conditions are assessed in the APGAR ANSWER -Complications of CPAP
score? - ANSWER -Heart rate, respiratory
effort, color, reflex irritability, muscle tone
1. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
2. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) -
Describe appropriate intervention for the following ANSWER -Hazards of O2 therapy in the
APGAR score: 0-3 - ANSWER -Indicates neonate
severe asphyxia; requires immediate resuscitation
with ventilator assistance.
Describe where the tip of the UAC should rest when
properly positioned. - ANSWER -In the
Describe appropriate intervention for the following descending aorta at either the T6-T10 (thoracic aorta)
APGAR score: 4-6 - ANSWER -Indicates or L3-L4 (lumber aorta)
moderate asphyxia; requires stimulation and O2
administration
1. Frequent ABG samples are easily obtained
2. Prevents frequent peripheral arterial punctures
Describe appropriate intervention for the following 3. Allows continuous monitoring of BP
APGAR score: 7-10 - ANSWER -Is normal, 4. Allows the infusion of drugs and fluids -
requires routine observation, suctioning the upper ANSWER -Advantages of UAC
airway with bulb syringe, drying the infant, and
placing under warmer.
1. Infection
2/5
