AQA GCSE Geography| COMPLETE SOLUTIONS WITH CORRECT
MAKING SCHEME 2026.
Rio de Janeiro - CORRECT ANSWERS-- A major city in an LIC/NEE located on the
Atlantic coast, known for being a global city and a financial/port/tourism hub.
Urbanisation in Brazil - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Brazil is 87% urbanised, with rapid
growth over 50 years due to natural increase and rural-urban migration.
Adult literacy in Brazil - CORRECT ANSWERS-- 91% of adults in Brazil are literate.
Mains water access in Brazil - CORRECT ANSWERS-- 95% of the population in Brazil
has access to mains water.
Favelas in Rio de Janeiro - CORRECT ANSWERS-- 1.5 million people (~25% of the
population) live in over 1000 favelas, such as Rocinha, facing poor housing and lack of
services.
Unemployment in favelas - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Unemployment in favelas exceeds
20%.
Murder rate in favelas - CORRECT ANSWERS-- The murder rate in favelas is 20 per
1000 people.
Infant mortality in favelas - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Infant mortality rates can be as
high as 50 per 1000 live births in favelas.
School retention in favelas - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Only 50% of children in favelas
stay in school past the age of 14.
Annual Deaths from Air Pollution - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Air pollution in Rio de
Janeiro causes approximately 5,000 annual deaths.
Water pollution in Guanabara Bay - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Guanabara Bay receives
200 tonnes of raw sewage and 50 tonnes of industrial waste daily.
Favela-Bairro Project - CORRECT ANSWERS-- A self-help scheme aimed at improving
living conditions for 250,000 people in 73 favelas through materials, grants, and
infrastructure improvements.
Property value increase in favelas - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Rental prices in favelas
rose approximately 7% from 2007 to 2009.
Pacification in Rio de Janeiro - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Pacifying Police Units (UPP) are
established to reduce crime in favelas.
BOPE - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais, an elite
police battalion that enters favelas to drive out drug gangs before UPPs are installed.
Impact of Pacification on murder rates - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Murder rates in
pacified favelas dropped from 42 per 100,000 in 2005 to 24 per 100,000 in 2012.
Robbery reduction in pacified areas - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Robberies decreased by
10-20% in areas with UPP.
Manchester, UK - CORRECT ANSWERS-- A major city in NW England known for its
industrial revolution legacy and current status as a service/media/education/culture
hub.
Greater Manchester population - CORRECT ANSWERS-- The population of Greater
Manchester is approximately 2.6 million.
, Cultural diversity in Manchester - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Manchester has a diverse
population with over 200 languages spoken.
Employment sectors in Manchester - CORRECT ANSWERS-- By 2015, 78% of
employment in Manchester was in the tertiary sector and 10% in the quaternary sector.
Life expectancy variation in Manchester - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Life expectancy
varies significantly, with 71.5 years in Salford and 79.2 in Worsley
Salford - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Manchester 1st most deprived local authority.
Life expectancy variation - CORRECT ANSWERS-- 71.5 yr Salford vs. 79.2 Worsley
Dereliction - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Post-industrial decline.
Urban Sprawl - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Growth of city outwards onto greenfield sites.
Urban Sprawl - Advantages - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Provides new housing for
growing population, allows for larger homes with gardens, potential for new
retail/services on urban fringe, may reduce overcrowding in city centre.
Urban Sprawl - Disadvantages - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Loss of greenbelt/natural
habitats and agricultural land, increased traffic congestion (e.g., Worsley 0.5 mile
journey 24 mins), increased commuting times and associated pollution, pressure on
existing infrastructure (schools, healthcare), loss of rural character for affected areas,
increased house prices in accessible fringe areas.
Waste & Pollution - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Air quality issues.
Zero-carbon aim - CORRECT ANSWERS-- City aims for zero-carbon by 2038.
Urban regeneration project - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Salford Quays, Greater
Manchester.
Salford Quays - Background - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Former industrial docklands,
derelict after 1982 closure.
Salford Quays - Reasons - CORRECT ANSWERS-- High unemployment,
derelict/contaminated land, polluted waterways, attract investment/jobs.
Salford Quays - Environmental Features - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Water clean-up,
public spaces.
Salford Quays - Economic Features - CORRECT ANSWERS-- MediaCityUK (from 2007)
hosts BBC, ITV, Uni of Salford (>7,000 jobs). Lowry Outlet. Plans for 3,000 new homes,
75,000 sq m business space.
Salford Quays - Social/Cultural Features - CORRECT ANSWERS-- The Lowry arts
centre (2000, >850,000 visitors/yr), Imperial War Museum North (2002). New
residential. Metrolink extension.
Salford Quays - Impacts - Advantages - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Job creation,
investment (£650m initial MediaCityUK), improved environment, new attractions,
increased tourism, vibrant urban area.
Salford Quays - Impacts - Disadvantages - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Gentrification
(increased property prices, potential displacement), new jobs may not match former
workers' skills.
Sustainable urban living concept - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Improve quality of life while
minimising environmental impact, ensuring future resources.
MAKING SCHEME 2026.
Rio de Janeiro - CORRECT ANSWERS-- A major city in an LIC/NEE located on the
Atlantic coast, known for being a global city and a financial/port/tourism hub.
Urbanisation in Brazil - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Brazil is 87% urbanised, with rapid
growth over 50 years due to natural increase and rural-urban migration.
Adult literacy in Brazil - CORRECT ANSWERS-- 91% of adults in Brazil are literate.
Mains water access in Brazil - CORRECT ANSWERS-- 95% of the population in Brazil
has access to mains water.
Favelas in Rio de Janeiro - CORRECT ANSWERS-- 1.5 million people (~25% of the
population) live in over 1000 favelas, such as Rocinha, facing poor housing and lack of
services.
Unemployment in favelas - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Unemployment in favelas exceeds
20%.
Murder rate in favelas - CORRECT ANSWERS-- The murder rate in favelas is 20 per
1000 people.
Infant mortality in favelas - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Infant mortality rates can be as
high as 50 per 1000 live births in favelas.
School retention in favelas - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Only 50% of children in favelas
stay in school past the age of 14.
Annual Deaths from Air Pollution - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Air pollution in Rio de
Janeiro causes approximately 5,000 annual deaths.
Water pollution in Guanabara Bay - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Guanabara Bay receives
200 tonnes of raw sewage and 50 tonnes of industrial waste daily.
Favela-Bairro Project - CORRECT ANSWERS-- A self-help scheme aimed at improving
living conditions for 250,000 people in 73 favelas through materials, grants, and
infrastructure improvements.
Property value increase in favelas - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Rental prices in favelas
rose approximately 7% from 2007 to 2009.
Pacification in Rio de Janeiro - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Pacifying Police Units (UPP) are
established to reduce crime in favelas.
BOPE - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais, an elite
police battalion that enters favelas to drive out drug gangs before UPPs are installed.
Impact of Pacification on murder rates - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Murder rates in
pacified favelas dropped from 42 per 100,000 in 2005 to 24 per 100,000 in 2012.
Robbery reduction in pacified areas - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Robberies decreased by
10-20% in areas with UPP.
Manchester, UK - CORRECT ANSWERS-- A major city in NW England known for its
industrial revolution legacy and current status as a service/media/education/culture
hub.
Greater Manchester population - CORRECT ANSWERS-- The population of Greater
Manchester is approximately 2.6 million.
, Cultural diversity in Manchester - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Manchester has a diverse
population with over 200 languages spoken.
Employment sectors in Manchester - CORRECT ANSWERS-- By 2015, 78% of
employment in Manchester was in the tertiary sector and 10% in the quaternary sector.
Life expectancy variation in Manchester - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Life expectancy
varies significantly, with 71.5 years in Salford and 79.2 in Worsley
Salford - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Manchester 1st most deprived local authority.
Life expectancy variation - CORRECT ANSWERS-- 71.5 yr Salford vs. 79.2 Worsley
Dereliction - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Post-industrial decline.
Urban Sprawl - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Growth of city outwards onto greenfield sites.
Urban Sprawl - Advantages - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Provides new housing for
growing population, allows for larger homes with gardens, potential for new
retail/services on urban fringe, may reduce overcrowding in city centre.
Urban Sprawl - Disadvantages - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Loss of greenbelt/natural
habitats and agricultural land, increased traffic congestion (e.g., Worsley 0.5 mile
journey 24 mins), increased commuting times and associated pollution, pressure on
existing infrastructure (schools, healthcare), loss of rural character for affected areas,
increased house prices in accessible fringe areas.
Waste & Pollution - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Air quality issues.
Zero-carbon aim - CORRECT ANSWERS-- City aims for zero-carbon by 2038.
Urban regeneration project - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Salford Quays, Greater
Manchester.
Salford Quays - Background - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Former industrial docklands,
derelict after 1982 closure.
Salford Quays - Reasons - CORRECT ANSWERS-- High unemployment,
derelict/contaminated land, polluted waterways, attract investment/jobs.
Salford Quays - Environmental Features - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Water clean-up,
public spaces.
Salford Quays - Economic Features - CORRECT ANSWERS-- MediaCityUK (from 2007)
hosts BBC, ITV, Uni of Salford (>7,000 jobs). Lowry Outlet. Plans for 3,000 new homes,
75,000 sq m business space.
Salford Quays - Social/Cultural Features - CORRECT ANSWERS-- The Lowry arts
centre (2000, >850,000 visitors/yr), Imperial War Museum North (2002). New
residential. Metrolink extension.
Salford Quays - Impacts - Advantages - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Job creation,
investment (£650m initial MediaCityUK), improved environment, new attractions,
increased tourism, vibrant urban area.
Salford Quays - Impacts - Disadvantages - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Gentrification
(increased property prices, potential displacement), new jobs may not match former
workers' skills.
Sustainable urban living concept - CORRECT ANSWERS-- Improve quality of life while
minimising environmental impact, ensuring future resources.
