CMN 10V - MIDTERM 1 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
Communication - Answers A process through which you send messages to and receive messages from
others
Transmit info
Technical media - Answers Used to amplify communication
Theory - Answers Predicts relationships of reality and how it happens
Model - Answers Representation of theorized relationships, can be general or specific
Transmission model - Answers Shannon and weaver (1949)
Linear process
Sender ---> message --channel--> receiver ---> effect
Laswell (1948) - Answers Who ---> what ---> channel ---> whom ---> effect
Only effective if it reaches the end
Can have disruptions/noise at any step
David Berlo's SMCR model (1960) - Answers Sender --encodes--> message ----> channel --decodes-->
receiver
Transfer of message is unidirectional
Feedback loop - Answers Added to berlo's model
Types of nonverbal communication - Answers Signs, symbols, behavior
Interpretation - Answers Depends on the decoding of the receiver of the message
Due to many factors such as culture, age, experiences
Polysemic - Answers Multiple meanings
Theory of Encoding and Decoding - Answers Consists of production, circulation, use, and reproduction
Production - Answers Ideas encoded into message
based on sender's experiences/beliefs and the sender's perceptions of the receivers
experiences/beliefs
Circulation - Answers Message made available to receiver
Use - Answers Attention, decoding, interpretation
Based on experiences, informed by assumptions about sender's experiences
Reproduction - Answers Effects/consequences of use
Types of decoding - Answers Dominant, negotiated, oppositional
Dominant decoding - Answers Decode = encode
Agreement of sender and receiver
Negotiated decoding - Answers Shares some of dominant, but unique to receiver
Oppositional decoding - Answers Fundamentally different/opposing dominant
McAdams (1988) - Answers Through personal relationships, we find our most profound experiences of
security, anxiety, power and impotence, and unity and separateness
Proxmire (vs. Berschield & Walster) - Answers 1. Scientists could not understand love
2. Even if they could, no one wanted to hear it
Interpersonal relationships - Answers Unique, irreplaceable, and requires understanding a partner's
psychological makeup
Repeated interactions over time, influence one another, unique interactions
Role relationships - Answers Impersonal, based on jobs and stereotypes of people involved
Some interdependence, not psychologically or behaviorally unique, replaceable
Miller (1976) - Answers Communication and relationships are dependent on each other
Kelley (1956) - Answers Rewards and reciprocity
Rewards - Answers Positive outcomes of relationships
Reciprocity - Answers Behavior leads to similar response in another
Close relationship - Answers Enduring bonds, emotionally attached, personal need fulfillment,
irreplaceability
Interdependence becomes more enduring and diverse
interpersonal communication - Answers exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages between two
people, regardless of their relationship
1. Impact each other
2. Inherently relational- behavior impacts relationship
3. Continuum - of impersonal and interpersonal
4. Messages due to choices mad
, 5. Inevitable and irreversible
relational communication - Answers Subset of interpersonal communication Focused on expression
and interpretation of messages in close relationships, includes vital to mundane
Relationship - Answers Behavioral interdependence characterized by unique interaction patterns
Mutual influence - Answers Influence each other in meaningful ways, social and emotional connection
Central interpersonal needs - Answers Affection, inclusion, control
Affection - Answers Through ability to love and be loved, occurs in dyads through communication
Social inclusion - Answers Safety and survival
Without: loneliness and low self-esteem
Behavioral control - Answers Control over one's life, shared control
Without: rebellion
Categorizing - Answers Helps to understand, can overlap (Wilmot 1995)
Fuzziness Adan cause behavioral uncertainty
Research based on mainstream categories
Categorizing relationships - Answers 1. How voluntary relationship is
2. Degree of genetic relation
3. Sexual or platonic
4. Romantic level
5. Sex/gender
Voluntary relationship - Answers Can choose friends
Voluntary uses communication to choose
Involuntary relationship - Answers Can't choose family
Communication determines quality
Genetic relationships - Answers Communication tends to be more affectionate
Aspects of nonverbal communication - Answers Kinesics, vocalics, proxemics, haptics,
appearance/adornment, artifacts/environmental cues, chronemic cues
Kinesics - Answers Body and facial expressions that send messages about attitude towards other
person, emotional state, desire to control environment
Vocalics - Answers Silence, pronunciation, pitch, volume, tone, speech rate
Proxemics - Answers Space, territory, and distance
Haptics - Answers using touch to communicate nonverbally, powerful and notieable behavior during
interpersonal encounters
Touch, affection, violent
Appearance/adornment - Answers Height, weight, looks, smells
Artifacts/environmental cues - Answers Mood setting, room arrangement
Chronemic cues - Answers Cues related to how people perceive, use, or respond to time
cultures will also vary depending on their emphasis on the past/present/future
Channel - Answers face-to-face, written, audiovisual, telephone, email, media
interpersonal communication goals - Answers Reached by effective communication
Self-presentational communication - Answers Image we convey
relational communication - Answers How we communicate feelings about others
Activity-based, initiate/escalate/maintain, advice-base
Instrumental communication - Answers Task-oriented, advising
Effectiveness - Answers Shared meaning between sender and receiver of behavior
Attempted communication - Answers Sent with intention
Not interpreted
unattended behavior - Answers Sent without intention
Not interpreted
Not communication
Miscommunication - Answers Sent with intention
Interpreted inaccurately
misinterpretation - Answers Sent without intention
Interpreted inaccurately
successful communication - Answers Sent with intention
Interpreted accurately
Accidental communication - Answers Sent without intention
Interpreted accurately
Communication - Answers A process through which you send messages to and receive messages from
others
Transmit info
Technical media - Answers Used to amplify communication
Theory - Answers Predicts relationships of reality and how it happens
Model - Answers Representation of theorized relationships, can be general or specific
Transmission model - Answers Shannon and weaver (1949)
Linear process
Sender ---> message --channel--> receiver ---> effect
Laswell (1948) - Answers Who ---> what ---> channel ---> whom ---> effect
Only effective if it reaches the end
Can have disruptions/noise at any step
David Berlo's SMCR model (1960) - Answers Sender --encodes--> message ----> channel --decodes-->
receiver
Transfer of message is unidirectional
Feedback loop - Answers Added to berlo's model
Types of nonverbal communication - Answers Signs, symbols, behavior
Interpretation - Answers Depends on the decoding of the receiver of the message
Due to many factors such as culture, age, experiences
Polysemic - Answers Multiple meanings
Theory of Encoding and Decoding - Answers Consists of production, circulation, use, and reproduction
Production - Answers Ideas encoded into message
based on sender's experiences/beliefs and the sender's perceptions of the receivers
experiences/beliefs
Circulation - Answers Message made available to receiver
Use - Answers Attention, decoding, interpretation
Based on experiences, informed by assumptions about sender's experiences
Reproduction - Answers Effects/consequences of use
Types of decoding - Answers Dominant, negotiated, oppositional
Dominant decoding - Answers Decode = encode
Agreement of sender and receiver
Negotiated decoding - Answers Shares some of dominant, but unique to receiver
Oppositional decoding - Answers Fundamentally different/opposing dominant
McAdams (1988) - Answers Through personal relationships, we find our most profound experiences of
security, anxiety, power and impotence, and unity and separateness
Proxmire (vs. Berschield & Walster) - Answers 1. Scientists could not understand love
2. Even if they could, no one wanted to hear it
Interpersonal relationships - Answers Unique, irreplaceable, and requires understanding a partner's
psychological makeup
Repeated interactions over time, influence one another, unique interactions
Role relationships - Answers Impersonal, based on jobs and stereotypes of people involved
Some interdependence, not psychologically or behaviorally unique, replaceable
Miller (1976) - Answers Communication and relationships are dependent on each other
Kelley (1956) - Answers Rewards and reciprocity
Rewards - Answers Positive outcomes of relationships
Reciprocity - Answers Behavior leads to similar response in another
Close relationship - Answers Enduring bonds, emotionally attached, personal need fulfillment,
irreplaceability
Interdependence becomes more enduring and diverse
interpersonal communication - Answers exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages between two
people, regardless of their relationship
1. Impact each other
2. Inherently relational- behavior impacts relationship
3. Continuum - of impersonal and interpersonal
4. Messages due to choices mad
, 5. Inevitable and irreversible
relational communication - Answers Subset of interpersonal communication Focused on expression
and interpretation of messages in close relationships, includes vital to mundane
Relationship - Answers Behavioral interdependence characterized by unique interaction patterns
Mutual influence - Answers Influence each other in meaningful ways, social and emotional connection
Central interpersonal needs - Answers Affection, inclusion, control
Affection - Answers Through ability to love and be loved, occurs in dyads through communication
Social inclusion - Answers Safety and survival
Without: loneliness and low self-esteem
Behavioral control - Answers Control over one's life, shared control
Without: rebellion
Categorizing - Answers Helps to understand, can overlap (Wilmot 1995)
Fuzziness Adan cause behavioral uncertainty
Research based on mainstream categories
Categorizing relationships - Answers 1. How voluntary relationship is
2. Degree of genetic relation
3. Sexual or platonic
4. Romantic level
5. Sex/gender
Voluntary relationship - Answers Can choose friends
Voluntary uses communication to choose
Involuntary relationship - Answers Can't choose family
Communication determines quality
Genetic relationships - Answers Communication tends to be more affectionate
Aspects of nonverbal communication - Answers Kinesics, vocalics, proxemics, haptics,
appearance/adornment, artifacts/environmental cues, chronemic cues
Kinesics - Answers Body and facial expressions that send messages about attitude towards other
person, emotional state, desire to control environment
Vocalics - Answers Silence, pronunciation, pitch, volume, tone, speech rate
Proxemics - Answers Space, territory, and distance
Haptics - Answers using touch to communicate nonverbally, powerful and notieable behavior during
interpersonal encounters
Touch, affection, violent
Appearance/adornment - Answers Height, weight, looks, smells
Artifacts/environmental cues - Answers Mood setting, room arrangement
Chronemic cues - Answers Cues related to how people perceive, use, or respond to time
cultures will also vary depending on their emphasis on the past/present/future
Channel - Answers face-to-face, written, audiovisual, telephone, email, media
interpersonal communication goals - Answers Reached by effective communication
Self-presentational communication - Answers Image we convey
relational communication - Answers How we communicate feelings about others
Activity-based, initiate/escalate/maintain, advice-base
Instrumental communication - Answers Task-oriented, advising
Effectiveness - Answers Shared meaning between sender and receiver of behavior
Attempted communication - Answers Sent with intention
Not interpreted
unattended behavior - Answers Sent without intention
Not interpreted
Not communication
Miscommunication - Answers Sent with intention
Interpreted inaccurately
misinterpretation - Answers Sent without intention
Interpreted inaccurately
successful communication - Answers Sent with intention
Interpreted accurately
Accidental communication - Answers Sent without intention
Interpreted accurately
