BIOL 2402 EX 9 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
Acidity and Alkalinity determined by - Answers H+ concentration.
H+ concentration is symbolized as - Answers pH.
An increase in H+ = - Answers ↑ acidity and ↓ pH.
A decrease in H+ = - Answers ↓ acidity and ↑ pH.
Acid Base Regulation occurs though the - Answers Chemical Buffer System.
Respiratory System.
Renal System.
Chemical Buffer System refers to - Answers Primary regulator of acid-base balance.
Cannot maintain pH without adequate functioning of the respiratory and renal systems.
Respiratory System - Answers Maintains pH by excreting carbon dioxide and water.
Imbalances occurring in the respiratory system must be compensated by the renal system.
Renal System - Answers Reabsorbs or conserves bicarbonate to maintain pH.
Imbalances occurring in the renal system must be compensated by the respiratory system.
Metabolic Acidosis occurs because of - Answers A gain of acids.
Inability to excrete acids.
A loss of base.
Metabolic acidosis can further be categorized according to - Answers anion gap
Metabolic Acidosis with normal anion gap results from - Answers loss of bicarbonate as in diarrhea,
lower intestinal fistulas, ureterostomies, and the use of diuretics, early renal insufficiency, excessive
administration of chloride, or the administration of parenteral nutrition without bicarb or bicarb
producing solutes (e.g. lactate)
Metabolic Acidosis with high anion gap results from - Answers ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, late phase
of salicylate poisoning, uremia, methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning, and ketoacidosis with
starvation.
Common causes of metabolic acidosis include - Answers Starvation, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), lactic
acidosis, shock, severe diarrhea, renal failure.
Clinical Manifestations of metabolic acidosis include - Answers Headache, confusion, drowsiness,
increased resp. rate and depth, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, cold clammy skin, dysrhythmias.
Compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis involves - Answers Hyperventilation to increase CO2
excretion by the lungs
Management of metabolic acidosis involves - Answers Identify and treat underlying cause.
Administration of bicarbonate.
Monitor potassium.
May give potassium supplementation as acidosis is reversed.
Administer calcium supplement for hypocalcemia.
Administer alkalizing agents.
Monitor I&O.
Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
Pathophysiology of Metabolic Alkalosis - Answers Loss of a strong acid or excess gain of a base.
Common causes of metabolic alkalosis include - Answers Severe vomiting, gastric suctioning, diuretic
therapy, hypokalemia, excess sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) intake.
Clinical Manifestations of metabolic alkalosis include - Answers Tingling of the fingers and toes,
dizziness, confusion, irritability, hypertonic muscles, muscle cramps, seizures, tetany, decreased
respirations.
Compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis - Answers Hypoventilation to increase CO2
retention by the lungs
Management of metabolic alkalosis may include - Answers Identify and correct underlying cause.
Monitor I & O.
Assess neurological status.
Administration of NaCl fluids.
Administration of KCl.
Administration of Tagamet.
Administration of Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors.
Administration of Tagamet in metabolic alkalosis resulting gastric suction serves to - Answers to
reduce production of gastric acid and its subsequent loss.
Acidity and Alkalinity determined by - Answers H+ concentration.
H+ concentration is symbolized as - Answers pH.
An increase in H+ = - Answers ↑ acidity and ↓ pH.
A decrease in H+ = - Answers ↓ acidity and ↑ pH.
Acid Base Regulation occurs though the - Answers Chemical Buffer System.
Respiratory System.
Renal System.
Chemical Buffer System refers to - Answers Primary regulator of acid-base balance.
Cannot maintain pH without adequate functioning of the respiratory and renal systems.
Respiratory System - Answers Maintains pH by excreting carbon dioxide and water.
Imbalances occurring in the respiratory system must be compensated by the renal system.
Renal System - Answers Reabsorbs or conserves bicarbonate to maintain pH.
Imbalances occurring in the renal system must be compensated by the respiratory system.
Metabolic Acidosis occurs because of - Answers A gain of acids.
Inability to excrete acids.
A loss of base.
Metabolic acidosis can further be categorized according to - Answers anion gap
Metabolic Acidosis with normal anion gap results from - Answers loss of bicarbonate as in diarrhea,
lower intestinal fistulas, ureterostomies, and the use of diuretics, early renal insufficiency, excessive
administration of chloride, or the administration of parenteral nutrition without bicarb or bicarb
producing solutes (e.g. lactate)
Metabolic Acidosis with high anion gap results from - Answers ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, late phase
of salicylate poisoning, uremia, methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning, and ketoacidosis with
starvation.
Common causes of metabolic acidosis include - Answers Starvation, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), lactic
acidosis, shock, severe diarrhea, renal failure.
Clinical Manifestations of metabolic acidosis include - Answers Headache, confusion, drowsiness,
increased resp. rate and depth, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, cold clammy skin, dysrhythmias.
Compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis involves - Answers Hyperventilation to increase CO2
excretion by the lungs
Management of metabolic acidosis involves - Answers Identify and treat underlying cause.
Administration of bicarbonate.
Monitor potassium.
May give potassium supplementation as acidosis is reversed.
Administer calcium supplement for hypocalcemia.
Administer alkalizing agents.
Monitor I&O.
Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
Pathophysiology of Metabolic Alkalosis - Answers Loss of a strong acid or excess gain of a base.
Common causes of metabolic alkalosis include - Answers Severe vomiting, gastric suctioning, diuretic
therapy, hypokalemia, excess sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) intake.
Clinical Manifestations of metabolic alkalosis include - Answers Tingling of the fingers and toes,
dizziness, confusion, irritability, hypertonic muscles, muscle cramps, seizures, tetany, decreased
respirations.
Compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis - Answers Hypoventilation to increase CO2
retention by the lungs
Management of metabolic alkalosis may include - Answers Identify and correct underlying cause.
Monitor I & O.
Assess neurological status.
Administration of NaCl fluids.
Administration of KCl.
Administration of Tagamet.
Administration of Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors.
Administration of Tagamet in metabolic alkalosis resulting gastric suction serves to - Answers to
reduce production of gastric acid and its subsequent loss.
