Path 101 Midterm Study Guide Review Exam Approved 2026

Path 101 Midterm Study Guide Review Exam Approved 2026 The Kidneys response to acidosis - Correct Ans-Excrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb potassium A type of shock where there is widespread dilation of the resistance vessels, the capacitance vessels, or both. Circulating blood volume pools in the expanded vascular beds, and tissue perfusion decreases - Correct Ans-Distributive shock A pH of 7.30 indicates - Correct Ans-Acidosis Substances that release ions when dissolved in water - Correct Ans-Electrolytes The degree of pressure against which the left ventricle pumps - Correct Ans-Afterload The myocardium is the only muscle that can generate its own electrical impulses - Correct Ans-Automaticity The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration - Correct Ans-Diffusion The movement of a substance against a concentration or gradient that requires energy - Correct Ans-Active transport The respiratory center of the brain - Correct Ans-The medulla Molecules that bind to a cell's receptor and trigger a response by that cell, thereby resulting in some kind of action or bionic effect - Correct Ans-Agonists The sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves arise from - Correct Ans-The autonomic nervous system Apoptosis - Correct Ans-Normal cell death An organism will be biologically male if the 23rd chromosome pair in the zygote - Correct Ans-XY The brain and spinal cord are connected through a large opening at the base of the skull - Correct Ans-Foramen magnum PATH 101 PATH 101 Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity - Correct Ans-Ascites Edema in an upper extremity following a mastectomy - Correct Ans-Decreased lymphatic drainage The destruction of a blood clot - Correct Ans-Fibrinolysis cascade The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata collectively - Correct Ans-Brainstem The enlargement or thickening of the heart muscle - Correct Ans-Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy The hearts primary pacemaker - Correct Ans-Sinoatrial node Unlike an allergic reaction, an autoimmune reaction - Correct Ans-Targets a person's own tissues This occurs when injury or infection triggers a massive systemic immune, inflammatory, and coagulation response - Correct Ans-MODS The atrioventricular valves of the heart - Correct Ans-tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral) valve The B Lymphocytes produce antibodies when they are activated by - Correct Ans Helper T Cells Cardiac muscle comprises the heart. This muscle is: - Correct Ans-striated and involuntary. The heart muscle lies within a space in the thoracic cavity called the: - Correct Ans mediastinum. The first portion of the small intestine that receives food from the stomach is the: - Correct Ans-duodenum. The peripheral nervous system consists of the: - Correct Ans-somatic and autonomic nervous systems. The first artery to branch from the aortic arch is the: - Correct Ans-brachiocephalic artery. Which of the following statements regarding interstitial fluid is correct? - Correct Ans-It is located in the extracellular space and between the cells. Which portion of the spinal column articulates with the pelvis? - Correct Ans-Sacral PATH 101 PATH 101 Immediately inferior to the suprasternal (jugular) notch is the: - Correct Ans-manubrium In a small child, loss of as little as ____% of total body fluid can cause illness. - Correct Ans-10 to 15 Strength of a person's peripheral pulses is related to: - Correct Ans-stroke volume and pulse pressure. A patient who overdosed on heroin and is unconscious with slow, shallow respirations would MOST likely experience: - Correct Ans-increased CO2 retention. Major risk factors for lung cancer include: - Correct Ans-cigarette smoking and exposure to asbestos. During the acute inflammatory response: - Correct Ans-transient arteriolar constriction is followed by arteriolar dilation, which allows an influx of blood under increased pressure. Common health risks associated with obesity include all of the following, EXCEPT: - Correct Ans-hypolipidemia. If the cause of a disease is unknown, it is said to be: - Correct Ans-idiopathic. Hyperkalemia is defined as: - Correct Ans-an elevated serum potassium level. The study of the functioning of an organism in the presence of disease is called: - Correct Ans-pathophysiology. Carpopedal spasm that occurs during respiratory alkalosis is caused by a(n): - Correct Ans-intracellular calcium shift. Teething is commonly accompanied by: - Correct Ans-fever As the smooth muscles of the lower airway weaken with age: - Correct Ans-the alveoli in the lungs expand widely during deep inhalation, causing them to rupture. Which of the following statements regarding growth spurts in adolescents is correct? - Correct Ans-Boys generally experience this stage of growth later in life than girls do. Anxious avoidant attachment is observed in infants who are repeatedly: - Correct Ans rejected. In late adults, the size of the airway __________ and the surface area of the alveoli ___________. - Correct Ans-increases, decreases PATH 101 PATH 101 In general, normal psychosocial factors that affect the life of a 35-year-old person include all of the following, EXCEPT: - Correct Ans-anxiety. Patients between 41 and 60 years of age are LEAST susceptible to: - Correct Ans-acute immunosuppression. Vascular compensation for changes in blood pressure decreases with age due to: - Correct Ans-reduced elasticity of the peripheral vessels secondary to decreases in elastin and collagen. Which of the following factors typically does NOT affect the vital signs of a 65-year-old patient? - Correct Ans-Living conditions An infant's sleep pattern is developed through a combination of: - Correct Ans-central nervous system development and parental efforts. The thick fibrous membrane that surrounds the heart is called the: - Correct Ans pericardium. The abdominal aorta begins at the level of the: - Correct Ans-5th lumbar vertebra. What occurs during the initial phase of hemostasis? - Correct Ans-Local vasoconstriction and platelet activation occur. In the pregnant patient, the secretion of oxytocin causes: - Correct Ans-uterine smooth muscle contraction. A patient is found to have a high blood sugar level (hyperglycemia). What is a cause of this? - Correct Ans-Deficient insulin levels in the blood The right and left coronary arteries arise from the: - Correct Ans-ascending aorta. Which of the following is NOT a type of white blood cell? - Correct Ans-Histamine Decreases in the PaCO2 result in _____________ pH levels in the respiratory center and a(n) _____________ in ventilation. - Correct Ans-increased, decrease Glycogenolysis is the physiologic process in which: - Correct Ans-glycogen is converted to glucose. What body system is comprised of various glands located throughout the body? - Correct Ans-Endocrine system All of the following factors would cause potassium to shift into the cell, EXCE