NURS6512 FINAL EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Peripheral Edema. Answer: Grading:
1+ Slight Pitting, no visible distortion, disappears rapidly.
2+ A Somewhat Deeper Pit than in 12+, but again no readily
detectable distortion, disappears in 10-15 seconds.
3+ Noticeably Deep Pit that may last more than a minute; dependent
extremity looks fuller and swollen.
4+ Very Deep Pit that lasts as long as 2-5 min; dependent extremity
is grossly distorted.
◉ Ammonia in breath odor. Answer: Uremia (ammonia)
◉ Grading of Pulses. Answer: 4+ Bounding
3+ Full, Increased
2+ Expected
1+ Diminished, barely palpable
0 Absent, not palpable
,◉ Acute Limb Ischemia (ALI). Answer: Stage I - Viable - No sensory
impairment - No motor impairment - Audible Arterial Doppler
Signal - Audible Venous Dopler Signal
Stage IIa - Marginally Threatened - Minimal Sensory Impairment -
No Motor Impairment - Often inaudible Arterial Doppler Signal -
Audible Venous Doppler Signal
Stage IIb - Immediately Threatened - Rest Pain Sensory Impairment
- Mild to moderate Motor Impairment - Inaudible Arterial Doppler
Signal - Audible Venous Doppler Signal
Stage III - Irreversible - Anesthetic Sensory Impairment -
Paralytic/rigor Motor Impairment - Inaudible Arterial Doppler
Signal - Inaudible Venous Doppler Signal
◉ Assessment for Peripheral Arterial Disease. Answer: Site of Pain is
Distal to the Narrowing.
Note:
Pulses (strong, weak or possibly absent)
Possible systolic bruits over the arteries that may extend through
diastole.
Loss of expected body warmth.
Localized pallor and cyanosis.
Collapsed superficial veins, with delay in venous filling.
Thin, atrophied skin; muscle atrophy.
, ◉ Varicosity Findings In Pregnant Women. Answer: With increasing
cardiac output beginning in the 1st trimester, the pulse may be more
easily palpated, with an abrupt rise and rapid fall. With increasing
blood volume in the second trimester, jugular a and v waves may be
easier to see. JVP should remain normal. Peripheral edema is a
common finding as the pregnancy progresses. Varicose veins can
develop during pregnancy and in the postpartum period.
◉ Heart Sounds. Answer: S1 - Closure of the mitral and tricuspid
(AV) Valves, indicates the beginning of systole. Best heard toward
the apex.
S2 - Closure of the aortic and pulmonic (semilunar) Valves, indicates
the end of systole. Best heard in the aortic and pulmonic areas.
Higher pitch and shorter duration.
S3 - Best heard when the patient is in the left lateral decubitus
(recumbent) position. Ventricular Gallup - Ken-Tuck-Y
S4 - Most commonly heard in the older patients, but may be heard at
any age when there is increased resistance to filling because the
ventricular walls have lost compliance. Atrial Gallup - Ten-nes-see
◉ Examination Technique for the Apical Pulse. Answer: PMI Point of
Maximal Impulse typically noted at the left 5th intercostal space,
midclavicular line in adults, and 4th intercostal space medial to the
nipple in children.
If the apical impulse is more vigorous than expected, characterize it
as a "heave" or "lift." Pg 337
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Peripheral Edema. Answer: Grading:
1+ Slight Pitting, no visible distortion, disappears rapidly.
2+ A Somewhat Deeper Pit than in 12+, but again no readily
detectable distortion, disappears in 10-15 seconds.
3+ Noticeably Deep Pit that may last more than a minute; dependent
extremity looks fuller and swollen.
4+ Very Deep Pit that lasts as long as 2-5 min; dependent extremity
is grossly distorted.
◉ Ammonia in breath odor. Answer: Uremia (ammonia)
◉ Grading of Pulses. Answer: 4+ Bounding
3+ Full, Increased
2+ Expected
1+ Diminished, barely palpable
0 Absent, not palpable
,◉ Acute Limb Ischemia (ALI). Answer: Stage I - Viable - No sensory
impairment - No motor impairment - Audible Arterial Doppler
Signal - Audible Venous Dopler Signal
Stage IIa - Marginally Threatened - Minimal Sensory Impairment -
No Motor Impairment - Often inaudible Arterial Doppler Signal -
Audible Venous Doppler Signal
Stage IIb - Immediately Threatened - Rest Pain Sensory Impairment
- Mild to moderate Motor Impairment - Inaudible Arterial Doppler
Signal - Audible Venous Doppler Signal
Stage III - Irreversible - Anesthetic Sensory Impairment -
Paralytic/rigor Motor Impairment - Inaudible Arterial Doppler
Signal - Inaudible Venous Doppler Signal
◉ Assessment for Peripheral Arterial Disease. Answer: Site of Pain is
Distal to the Narrowing.
Note:
Pulses (strong, weak or possibly absent)
Possible systolic bruits over the arteries that may extend through
diastole.
Loss of expected body warmth.
Localized pallor and cyanosis.
Collapsed superficial veins, with delay in venous filling.
Thin, atrophied skin; muscle atrophy.
, ◉ Varicosity Findings In Pregnant Women. Answer: With increasing
cardiac output beginning in the 1st trimester, the pulse may be more
easily palpated, with an abrupt rise and rapid fall. With increasing
blood volume in the second trimester, jugular a and v waves may be
easier to see. JVP should remain normal. Peripheral edema is a
common finding as the pregnancy progresses. Varicose veins can
develop during pregnancy and in the postpartum period.
◉ Heart Sounds. Answer: S1 - Closure of the mitral and tricuspid
(AV) Valves, indicates the beginning of systole. Best heard toward
the apex.
S2 - Closure of the aortic and pulmonic (semilunar) Valves, indicates
the end of systole. Best heard in the aortic and pulmonic areas.
Higher pitch and shorter duration.
S3 - Best heard when the patient is in the left lateral decubitus
(recumbent) position. Ventricular Gallup - Ken-Tuck-Y
S4 - Most commonly heard in the older patients, but may be heard at
any age when there is increased resistance to filling because the
ventricular walls have lost compliance. Atrial Gallup - Ten-nes-see
◉ Examination Technique for the Apical Pulse. Answer: PMI Point of
Maximal Impulse typically noted at the left 5th intercostal space,
midclavicular line in adults, and 4th intercostal space medial to the
nipple in children.
If the apical impulse is more vigorous than expected, characterize it
as a "heave" or "lift." Pg 337
