BIOL 2402 - EXAM 1 - UMSL (LATEST UPDATE) REAL
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |100% CORRECT |
ALREADY GRADED A
Stuff you need to have addressed Ans✓✓✓Card 2 - Pre-European
scholars
card 32
Ch2
card 48
card 53
card 61
What do we need to know about fins?
I just need some help with scales in general
card 146
Of the Pre-European scholars, list the major contributors to biological
research/anatomical research (6) Ans✓✓✓•First the Greeks: ~400 BC
•Chinese: ~300 BC - Taoism explicitly denies the fixity of biological
species
•Romans: 0 - 300 AD - The fall of Rome brings the Dark Ages to
Europe
•The Islamic Golden Age takes hold - Islamic Scholars made progress
for seven centuries but have been largely left out of Western texts
•Latin translations in the Renaissance and Enlightenment reintroduced
Greek (and Arabic) learning to Europeans
,•Europeans quickly and consistently denied the contributions of any
non-European scholars except classical Greek figures.
Important to note that there was an enlightenment during the dark ages
in other parts of the world.
What were the two types of scholars (for the intellectual roots of theories
about evolution) in Europe? Ans✓✓✓The immutists and the
Evolutionists
Who are the immutists? Who are two famous immutists? Ans✓✓✓•The
Immutists believe species are fixed and unchangeable
•Carolus Linnaeus (father of taxonomy)
•Rev. John Ray and the Naturalists - fantastical creatures are
manifestations of the divine mind
Who are the evolutionists? Who are is our most famous evolutionist, and
what do think? Ans✓✓✓•Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck's main points:
•Spontaneous generation - living matter comes from non living matter,
which is wrong.
•Evolution from lowest to perfect (read: humans)
•Inheritance of acquired characteristics (passing on laser hair removal to
your kids)
,What is the problem with acquired characteristics? Ans✓✓✓•The needs
of an individual are not encoded in the genome of germ cells
•Therefore they can't be inherited
What is the problem with the Ladder of Progress? Ans✓✓✓1.) To
evolution, there is only now. The idea of a direction or concept of the
future or increasing complexity is wrong.
2.)The idea that primitive/basal organisms are less evolved or less
perfect assumes that selection favors organisms that are pleasing to
humans rather than best adapted to their time and place.
Who are credited with formalizing the theory of Evolution by Natural
Selection? Ans✓✓✓Charles Darwin & Alfred R. Wallace
The Modern Synthesis Ans✓✓✓The later combination of Mendelian
genetics and Darwinian evolution
What were the two main arguments of the controversy surrounding
theory of evolution by natural selection? Ans✓✓✓1.) Contemporaries
thought Earth was not old enough to have allowed for the diversity of
life at the pace Darwin suggested
1.) Blending inheritance was the prevailing thought of the time, this
predicts a reduction in variation through successive generations of
blending
, Georges Cuvier (3) Ans✓✓✓•An immutist who believed that organisms
should be understood as similar to machines, composed of various
interlocking functional groups. (head of a dog body of tiger tail of a lion)
•Catastrophism (what he is most known for, that all features of the earth
result from catastrophe)
•Scientific Racism - Thought Europeans were superiors to other races.
Richard Owen Ans✓✓✓•Also an immutist
•Troubled by obvious homologies among groups.
•Thus, he proposed that all living groups were composed of members
constructed around the same basic body plan or archetype, but not that
they evolved.
•Also rumored to be a very bad man:
•Upon the death of his nemesis Gideon Mantell, Owen had a "section of
his spine removed, pickled and stored on a shelf at the Royal College of
Surgeons of England. •It remained there until 1969 when it was
destroyed due to lack of space."
What are the three Main Morphological Concepts? (SSS) Ans✓✓✓1.
Similarity
2. Symmetry
3. Segmentation
Homology Ans✓✓✓Features that are shared as a result of common
ancestry
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |100% CORRECT |
ALREADY GRADED A
Stuff you need to have addressed Ans✓✓✓Card 2 - Pre-European
scholars
card 32
Ch2
card 48
card 53
card 61
What do we need to know about fins?
I just need some help with scales in general
card 146
Of the Pre-European scholars, list the major contributors to biological
research/anatomical research (6) Ans✓✓✓•First the Greeks: ~400 BC
•Chinese: ~300 BC - Taoism explicitly denies the fixity of biological
species
•Romans: 0 - 300 AD - The fall of Rome brings the Dark Ages to
Europe
•The Islamic Golden Age takes hold - Islamic Scholars made progress
for seven centuries but have been largely left out of Western texts
•Latin translations in the Renaissance and Enlightenment reintroduced
Greek (and Arabic) learning to Europeans
,•Europeans quickly and consistently denied the contributions of any
non-European scholars except classical Greek figures.
Important to note that there was an enlightenment during the dark ages
in other parts of the world.
What were the two types of scholars (for the intellectual roots of theories
about evolution) in Europe? Ans✓✓✓The immutists and the
Evolutionists
Who are the immutists? Who are two famous immutists? Ans✓✓✓•The
Immutists believe species are fixed and unchangeable
•Carolus Linnaeus (father of taxonomy)
•Rev. John Ray and the Naturalists - fantastical creatures are
manifestations of the divine mind
Who are the evolutionists? Who are is our most famous evolutionist, and
what do think? Ans✓✓✓•Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck's main points:
•Spontaneous generation - living matter comes from non living matter,
which is wrong.
•Evolution from lowest to perfect (read: humans)
•Inheritance of acquired characteristics (passing on laser hair removal to
your kids)
,What is the problem with acquired characteristics? Ans✓✓✓•The needs
of an individual are not encoded in the genome of germ cells
•Therefore they can't be inherited
What is the problem with the Ladder of Progress? Ans✓✓✓1.) To
evolution, there is only now. The idea of a direction or concept of the
future or increasing complexity is wrong.
2.)The idea that primitive/basal organisms are less evolved or less
perfect assumes that selection favors organisms that are pleasing to
humans rather than best adapted to their time and place.
Who are credited with formalizing the theory of Evolution by Natural
Selection? Ans✓✓✓Charles Darwin & Alfred R. Wallace
The Modern Synthesis Ans✓✓✓The later combination of Mendelian
genetics and Darwinian evolution
What were the two main arguments of the controversy surrounding
theory of evolution by natural selection? Ans✓✓✓1.) Contemporaries
thought Earth was not old enough to have allowed for the diversity of
life at the pace Darwin suggested
1.) Blending inheritance was the prevailing thought of the time, this
predicts a reduction in variation through successive generations of
blending
, Georges Cuvier (3) Ans✓✓✓•An immutist who believed that organisms
should be understood as similar to machines, composed of various
interlocking functional groups. (head of a dog body of tiger tail of a lion)
•Catastrophism (what he is most known for, that all features of the earth
result from catastrophe)
•Scientific Racism - Thought Europeans were superiors to other races.
Richard Owen Ans✓✓✓•Also an immutist
•Troubled by obvious homologies among groups.
•Thus, he proposed that all living groups were composed of members
constructed around the same basic body plan or archetype, but not that
they evolved.
•Also rumored to be a very bad man:
•Upon the death of his nemesis Gideon Mantell, Owen had a "section of
his spine removed, pickled and stored on a shelf at the Royal College of
Surgeons of England. •It remained there until 1969 when it was
destroyed due to lack of space."
What are the three Main Morphological Concepts? (SSS) Ans✓✓✓1.
Similarity
2. Symmetry
3. Segmentation
Homology Ans✓✓✓Features that are shared as a result of common
ancestry
