NSC 114 EXAM 3 Study Guide Questions and answers 100% correct verified guaranteed answers

Self-regulating, compensatory, regulated by negative feedback systems, several feedback systems to correct only one physiological imbalance - correct answers Characteristics of Physiological Homeostasis receives no input from environment and gives no output to the environment (ex chemical reaction in a test tube) - correct answers Closed System - Physiological Homeostasis input, throughput, output (humans) - correct answers Open System - Physiological Homeostasis ***inhibits change*** A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation. Helps to stabilize the - correct answers negative feedback **stimulates change** A physiological control mechanism in which a change in some variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change. - correct answers positive feedback (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love Belonging, and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization - correct answers Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (1) primary (before illness/injury - education/prevention), (2) secondary (screening by provider/early detection), (3) tertiary (after treatment/injury/illness - rehab/maintenance/support) - correct answers Levels of Prevention Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring. - correct answers primary prevention -focuses on early identification of individuals or communities experiencing illness, providing treatment, and conducting activities that are geared to prevent worsening health status -examples: communicable disease screening and case finding; early detection and treatment of diabetes; exercise programs for older adult clients who are frail - correct answers secondary prevention -aims to prevent the long-term consequences of a chronic illness or disability and to support optimal functioning -examples: prevention of pressure ulcers as complication of a spinal cord injury; promoting independence for the client who has traumatic brain injury; rehab; support groups - correct answers tertiary prevention -Individual characteristics and experiences -Behavior-specific cognitions and affect -Behavioral outcome - correct answers Health Promotion Model Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Termination - correct answers Stages of Health Behavior Change Agent-Host-Environment Triangle High-Level Wellness Model Illness-Wellness Continuum Health Promotion Model - correct answers Models of Health and Illness Internal - biologic - psychological - cognitive External - environment - standards of living - family/cultural beliefs - social support/job satisfaction - correct answers Variables Influencing Health response of an individual to a disease - correct answers definition of illness any alteration in a body system or organ structure or function - correct answers definition of disease greater than 6 mos - correct answers duration of chronic illness improvement or absence of signs of disease - correct answers remission the symptoms of the disease reappear - correct answers exacerbation 20-39 - correct answers young adult every 10 yrs - correct answers frequency of tetanus shot annual - correct answers frequency of eye exams every 6 mos - correct answers frequency of dental exams annual - correct answers frequency of physical exam by primary provider monthly - correct answers frequency of self exams through age 26 2 doses for age 9-14 3 doses for ages 15-26 - correct answers HPV vaccine for young adults start at age 21 screen every 3 yrs, or every 5 yrs when combined with HPV testing HPV typically isn't tested until 30 (goes away on it's own usually by 29) - correct answers cervical cancer screening (pap) all sexually active women 24 yo+ - correct answers what age to start chlamydia screening 40-65 - correct answers middle adult age range - blood vessels lose elasticity - thinning/gray hair - skin turgor/moisture decreases - subcut fat decreases, redistributes to abd - metabolism slows, wt gain - correct answers middle adult physical changes (CV/appearance/metabolism) over 65 - correct answers older adult age range - thinning of intervertebral disks - calcium loss in bone tissue (more common in post-MP women) - decrease in hormones - correct answers physical changes of middle adult (musculoskeletal / reproductive) - slowed reaction time - joint stiffness/impaired balance - decreased regulation of temperature - loss of visual acuity/hearing loss/decreased taste & smell - increased threshold for pain - correct answers Physical changes in older adult (neuromuscular/sensory) - decr. ability to expel foreign/accumulated matter - decr. lung expansion - dyspnea following intense exercise - reduced cardiac output - reduced elasticity & incr rigidity of arteries - increase in SBP/DBP - correct answers physical changes in older adult (pulmonary/CV) - delayed swallowing time - incr. tendency for constipation - reduced filtration/concentration by kidneys - urinary urgency & frequency - retention of residual urine & nocturia - bowel/bladder incontinence - correct answers physical changes in older adult (GI/urinary) - incr. skin dryness/palor/fragile/sagging/wrinkles -thickening of nails - incr. in insuline resistance - prostate enlargement in men - correct answers physical changes: older adult (integumentary, immunologic, endocrine, reproductive) metabolism absorption circulation distribution drug-receptor interaction excretion - correct answers Reasons for older adult altered drug metabolism vision memory