WILLIAMS' ESSENTIALS OF
NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY
13TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)JOYCE ANN GILBERT;
ELEANOR SCHLENKER
TESTBANKS
Which definition best describes nutrition?
A. The chemical processes that produce vitamins in the body
B. The sum of processes by which an organism ingests, digests,
absorbs, transports, uses, and excretes nutrients. (Correct)
C. The method of classifying foods by energy content only
D. The psychological factors that determine food choice
Rationale: Nutrition encompasses intake, digestion, absorption,
transport, utilization, and excretion of nutrients.
Citation: Williams’ Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy,
13th ed., Part 1: Introduction to Human Nutrition.
A patient with unintended weight loss, muscle wasting, and
low serum albumin most likely demonstrates which type of
nutrition problem?
A. Overnutrition
,B. Secondary malnutrition
C. Undernutrition (protein–energy malnutrition). (Correct)
D. Micronutrient toxicity
Rationale: Unintended weight loss and low albumin are classic
signs of undernutrition/protein–energy malnutrition.
Citation: Williams’ Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy,
13th ed., Part 1: Introduction to Human Nutrition.
Which component is NOT a basic element of a nutrition
assessment?
A. Anthropometric measurements
B. Biochemical data
C. Clinical/physical examination
D. Genetic sequencing for ancestry determination (Correct)
Rationale: Standard nutrition assessment includes
anthropometrics, biochemical, clinical, and dietary history —
not ancestry genetic sequencing.
Citation: Williams’ Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy,
13th ed., Part 1: Introduction to Human Nutrition.
Which anthropometric measure is most useful for monitoring
short-term changes in a hospitalized adult’s nutritional status?
A. Head circumference
B. Triceps skinfold thickness
C. Daily body weight measurements (Correct)
D. Stature (height)
Rationale: Daily weight changes reflect short-term shifts in fluid
and tissue and are practical for hospitalized patients.
,Citation: Williams’ Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy,
13th ed., Part 1: Introduction to Human Nutrition.
Which dietary assessment method gives the most detailed
information about a patient’s recent food and beverage intake?
A. 24-hour recall (Correct)
B. Food frequency questionnaire
C. Anthropometric profile
D. Household food security survey
Rationale: A 24-hour recall captures detailed intake for the
previous day and is commonly used for recent intake
assessment.
Citation: Williams’ Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy,
13th ed., Part 1: Introduction to Human Nutrition.
The term "energy balance" refers to:
A. The proportion of protein to fat in the diet
B. Energy intake relative to energy expenditure (Correct)
C. The daily distribution of carbohydrates across meals
D. The body’s ability to store vitamins
Rationale: Energy balance is the relationship between calories
consumed and calories expended.
Citation: Williams’ Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy,
13th ed., Part 1: Introduction to Human Nutrition.
A nurse teaching health promotion should emphasize that
which factor most strongly contributes to chronic nutrition-
related disease at the population level?
A. Genetic mutations only
, B. Dietary patterns and lifestyle behaviors (Correct)
C. Short-term fasting
D. Use of dietary supplements
Rationale: Chronic nutrition-related diseases are driven largely
by dietary patterns and lifestyle behaviors across populations.
Citation: Williams’ Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy,
13th ed., Part 1: Introduction to Human Nutrition.
Which statement about macronutrients is CORRECT?
A. Vitamins provide the majority of dietary kilocalories.
B. Protein, carbohydrate, and fat supply energy and have
specific functional roles. (Correct)
C. Minerals are broken down for energy during digestion.
D. Water is not considered a nutrient.
Rationale: Protein, carbohydrate, and fat are macronutrients
that supply energy and serve structural/functional roles; water
is an essential nutrient.
Citation: Williams’ Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy,
13th ed., Part 1: Introduction to Human Nutrition.
Which public nutrition guidance tool is primarily intended to
help consumers translate nutrient recommendations into food-
choice decisions?
A. Clinical biochemical panel
B. Nutrition policy white paper
C. Food selection guide (e.g., national food guide/MyPlate type
models) (Correct)
D. Anthropometric chart
NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY
13TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)JOYCE ANN GILBERT;
ELEANOR SCHLENKER
TESTBANKS
Which definition best describes nutrition?
A. The chemical processes that produce vitamins in the body
B. The sum of processes by which an organism ingests, digests,
absorbs, transports, uses, and excretes nutrients. (Correct)
C. The method of classifying foods by energy content only
D. The psychological factors that determine food choice
Rationale: Nutrition encompasses intake, digestion, absorption,
transport, utilization, and excretion of nutrients.
Citation: Williams’ Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy,
13th ed., Part 1: Introduction to Human Nutrition.
A patient with unintended weight loss, muscle wasting, and
low serum albumin most likely demonstrates which type of
nutrition problem?
A. Overnutrition
,B. Secondary malnutrition
C. Undernutrition (protein–energy malnutrition). (Correct)
D. Micronutrient toxicity
Rationale: Unintended weight loss and low albumin are classic
signs of undernutrition/protein–energy malnutrition.
Citation: Williams’ Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy,
13th ed., Part 1: Introduction to Human Nutrition.
Which component is NOT a basic element of a nutrition
assessment?
A. Anthropometric measurements
B. Biochemical data
C. Clinical/physical examination
D. Genetic sequencing for ancestry determination (Correct)
Rationale: Standard nutrition assessment includes
anthropometrics, biochemical, clinical, and dietary history —
not ancestry genetic sequencing.
Citation: Williams’ Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy,
13th ed., Part 1: Introduction to Human Nutrition.
Which anthropometric measure is most useful for monitoring
short-term changes in a hospitalized adult’s nutritional status?
A. Head circumference
B. Triceps skinfold thickness
C. Daily body weight measurements (Correct)
D. Stature (height)
Rationale: Daily weight changes reflect short-term shifts in fluid
and tissue and are practical for hospitalized patients.
,Citation: Williams’ Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy,
13th ed., Part 1: Introduction to Human Nutrition.
Which dietary assessment method gives the most detailed
information about a patient’s recent food and beverage intake?
A. 24-hour recall (Correct)
B. Food frequency questionnaire
C. Anthropometric profile
D. Household food security survey
Rationale: A 24-hour recall captures detailed intake for the
previous day and is commonly used for recent intake
assessment.
Citation: Williams’ Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy,
13th ed., Part 1: Introduction to Human Nutrition.
The term "energy balance" refers to:
A. The proportion of protein to fat in the diet
B. Energy intake relative to energy expenditure (Correct)
C. The daily distribution of carbohydrates across meals
D. The body’s ability to store vitamins
Rationale: Energy balance is the relationship between calories
consumed and calories expended.
Citation: Williams’ Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy,
13th ed., Part 1: Introduction to Human Nutrition.
A nurse teaching health promotion should emphasize that
which factor most strongly contributes to chronic nutrition-
related disease at the population level?
A. Genetic mutations only
, B. Dietary patterns and lifestyle behaviors (Correct)
C. Short-term fasting
D. Use of dietary supplements
Rationale: Chronic nutrition-related diseases are driven largely
by dietary patterns and lifestyle behaviors across populations.
Citation: Williams’ Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy,
13th ed., Part 1: Introduction to Human Nutrition.
Which statement about macronutrients is CORRECT?
A. Vitamins provide the majority of dietary kilocalories.
B. Protein, carbohydrate, and fat supply energy and have
specific functional roles. (Correct)
C. Minerals are broken down for energy during digestion.
D. Water is not considered a nutrient.
Rationale: Protein, carbohydrate, and fat are macronutrients
that supply energy and serve structural/functional roles; water
is an essential nutrient.
Citation: Williams’ Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy,
13th ed., Part 1: Introduction to Human Nutrition.
Which public nutrition guidance tool is primarily intended to
help consumers translate nutrient recommendations into food-
choice decisions?
A. Clinical biochemical panel
B. Nutrition policy white paper
C. Food selection guide (e.g., national food guide/MyPlate type
models) (Correct)
D. Anthropometric chart
