NUR 111 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SOLUTION GUARANTEED GRADED A+.

Electrolyte balance and imbalances - correct answers ▪ Sodium Major cation in ECF Hyponatremia - serum level below 136 mEq/L Interventions Priority is monitoring the pt. response to therapy to prevent hypernatremia and fluid overload Drug therapy Nutrition therapy ▪ Increasing oral Na intake and restricting oral fluid intake Hypernatremia Serum Na level over 145 mEq/L Medication error - correct answers Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or pt. harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient or consumer ______ rinses for chemo patients - correct answers Normal saline Sources of Infection Chain - correct answers Agent - organism the spreads disease Reservoir - where organism live Exit - how organisms escape reservoir Transmission - how organism spreads pathogens Entry - how pathogen enter host Host - infected with pathogens form organisms 3 stages of Inflammation - correct answers Vascular and cellular response ▪ Redness, heat, pain, swelling Inflammatory exudates (drainage) Tissue repair ASEPSIS - correct answers Medical = clean technique Surgical = sterile technique Must have Dr. order to put patient in ______ - correct answers shower or tub Do not offer a _____ a back rub - correct answers heart patients ________ swabs dry the mucous membrane and erodes enamel - correct answers Lemon glycerine Assess for gag reflex Sims position Suction available Never use your finger to keep mouth open Need more frequent oral care Petroleum jelly on lips - correct answers Oral hygiene for unconscious patient Bed positions - correct answers Fowlers - 45 degrees Semi fowlers - 30 degrees Trendelenburg - head of bed down Reverse trendelenburg - foot of bed down Flat What is the difference in the scope of practice of RN's and LPN's? - correct answers A RN can function independently, LPN can do an assessment, but must report to RN What would an RN who has been inactive for more than 5 years need to do to be removed from the inactive list? - correct answers Prove they've been active in another state or apply and take an approved refresher course How many times per year, is the licensure exam for RN's administered? - correct answers 2 times a year HIPPA - correct answers Protects confidentiality and privacy of pt. health information 4 areas ▪ Portability of healthcare coverage ▪ Privacy regulation ▪ Security regulation ▪ Administrative provisions for transmissions of electronic Patient self determination act - correct answers Requires health care agencies to provide written info. to clients about their right to make decisions about their care Legal aspects of pt. rights - correct answers Informed consent ▪ Nurse cannot obtain consent Leaving against medical advice ▪ Explain dangers and risks of leaving Physical restraints ▪ Last resort ▪ Expires every 24 hr. Diagnostic related groups - correct answers Payment is predetermined based on diagnosis Advance directives - correct answers Living will ▪ Documents a person's wishes will still living Durable power of attorney ▪ Allows a designee to make decisions if pt. becomes incapacitated Autonomy - correct answers self determination; acting on one's own Beneficence - correct answers doing or actively promoting good Confidentiality - correct answers respecting privileged info. on pt. Justice - correct answers being fair or equal in one's action Nonmaleficence - correct answers the duty to do no harm to a pt. Veracity - correct answers the duty to tell the truth Fidelity - correct answers the duty to tell the truth Colonization - correct answers the establishment and growth of microorganisms on the skin, open wounds, or mucous membranes, or in secretions without causing adverse clinical signs or symptoms Community associated infection - correct answers acquired by persons who have not been hospitalized or had a medical procedure recently (within the past year) Definitive therapy - correct answers the administration of antibiotics based on known results of culture and sensitivity testing identifying the pathogen causing infection Empiric therapy - correct answers the administration of antibiotics based on the practitioner's judgment of the pathogens most likely to be causing an apparent infection; it involves the presumptive treatment of an infection to avoid treatment delay before specific culture info. has been obtained Health care associated infection - correct answers an infection that is acquired during the course of receiving treatment for another condition in a health care facility. The infection is not present or incubating at the time of admission Superinfection - correct answers an infection occurring during antimicrobial treatment for another infection, resulting from overgrowth of an organism not susceptible to the antibiotic used or a secondary microbial infection that occurs in addition to an earlier primary infection, often due to weakening of the pt. immune system function by the first infection Teratogens - correct answers substances that can interfere with normal prenatal development and cause one or more developmental abnormalities in the fetus Nephrotoxicity - correct answers toxicity to the kidneys Ototoxicity - correct answers toxicity to the ears Synergistic effect - correct answers drug interaction in which the bacterial killing effect of two antibiotics given together is greater than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone Family and friends should not be used as _____ except at the care recipient's request - correct answers interpreters Nurse practice acts - correct answers Includes statements that refer to protecting the health and safety of the citizens in the jurisdiction Protect the title of RN Pt. self-determination act - correct answers Requires health care institutions to provide written info. to clients concerning the clients rights under state law to make decisions, including the right to refuse treatment and formulate advance directives Uniform anatomical gift - correct answers Person who is at least 18 yrs. of age has the right to make an organ donation ▪ Make gift in writing with their signature Unemancipated minors may not consent to abortions without one of the following - correct answers Consent of one parent Self-consent being granted by a court order Consent specifically given by a court Minors may give consent in the following situations - correct answers Lawfully married or a parent Pregnancy (excluding abortions) Venereal disease Drug or substance abuse Community based nursing - correct answers Takes place in a community setting such as the home or clinic, where the focus is on the needs of the individual or family Human ecology model - correct answers ▪ Client and immediate family ▪ People and settings that have frequent contact with pt. and family