BI 121 (LECTURE) EXAM 3 GRCC FORBES 2026 SPRING TEST QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS

BI 121 (LECTURE) EXAM 3 GRCC FORBES 2026 SPRING TEST QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS



Vitamin D

Calcium absorption in small intestine




Vitamin A

Osteoblast and osteoclast activity during fetal development




Vitamin C

Collagen formation in bones




UV Exposure

Vitamin D synthesized in presence of UV




Mechanical Stress

Stimulates osteoblasts Example: dental implants




Hormones

Secreted by the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, ovaries, and testes

,Pituitary Dwarfism

Decreased level of human growth hormone. Normal body proportions but dwarfed.




Pituitary Gigantism

Increased level of human growth hormone resulting in stature of 8 feet




Acromegaly

Increased levels of human growth hormone results in enlarged hands, feet, jaw, organs.




Chondrodysplasia

Irregular collagen fibers. Stunted growth, deformed joints




Fractures

Any cracking or breaking of bone




Traumatic Fracture

Fracture via injury caused by force form the outside world




Pathologic Fracture

, Fracture caused by disease




Closed Fracture

Skin not broken via bone movement




Compound Fracture

Skin broken via bone movement exposing fracture




Complete Fracture

Bone broken into 2 or more pieces




Incomplete Fracture

Bone not broken into 2 pieces




Path Note: Osteoporosis

Trabeculae are lost and compact bone develops open spaces due to inactivity of
osteoblasts and continued osteoclast activity.

Risk factors: female, light complexion, alcohol, smoking, genes, anorexia, lack of exercise
in adolescence




Cleft palate