NUR 353 Exam Questions and
Answers 2026
The process by which human beings produce a new individual. The total process by
which organisms produce offspring. - ANSWER-Reproduction
These cells carry the genetic materials needed for conception and genetic material. -
ANSWER-Reproductive cells (Such as oocytes or spermatocytes)
The formation and development of germ cells, oocytes, and spermatocytes. - ANSWER-
Gametogenesis
Gametogenesis occurs through _____. - ANSWER-Meiosis
The process of egg formation. - ANSWER-Oogenesis
The formation of a germ cell to a sperm cell. - ANSWER-Spermatogenesis
An oocyte matures to an _____. - ANSWER-Ovum
What are the two populations at greatest risk for problems with reproduction? -
ANSWER-Impoverished and adolescents
Your client is a 17 year old female that just found out she is 8 weeks gestation. Based
on her age, you suspect that she is:
a. At risk for problems with reproduction
b. Not at risk for problems with reproduction - ANSWER-A (The very young (under 18)
and the very old (over 35) are a population that is at risk for problems with
reproduction.)
Your pregnant patient has an STD. This is an example of which category risk factor for
reproduction?
a. Biophysical
b. Psychosocial
c. Sociodemographic
d. Environmental - ANSWER-A (Biophysical risk factors include PID, HIV/AIDS, any
STD, chromosomal abnormalities, hypertension, heart failure, type I diabetes, and
obesity. Basically, any medical condition.)
You know that which of the following would be an example of a psychosocial risk factor
related to reproduction?
,a. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
b. Secondhand smoking
c. Drug addiction
d. Lack of insurance - ANSWER-C (Psychosocial risk factors include: Isolation, anxiety,
depression, spousal abuse or inter partner violence, drug and alcohol use and
addiction.)
Formation of a viable zygote. - ANSWER-Conception
A process that interferes with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, and
implantation. - ANSWER-Contraception
The union of a spermatozoal nucleus with an egg nucleus to form the primary nucleus
of an embryo - ANSWER-Fertilization
Carrying of an embryo or fetus inside the uterus from conception until birth. - ANSWER-
Gestation
Refers to the embryonic or fetal age plus two weeks (approximately the duration since
the woman's last menstrual period (LMP) began. - ANSWER-Gestational age
List 5 causes of male infertility. - ANSWER-1. Low testosterone levels
2. Undescended testes
3. Varicocele
4. Low sperm count/no sperm count
5. Infections
List 3 causes of female infertility. - ANSWER-1. Uterine abnormalities
2. Hormonal problems
3. Infections
Describe of process of reproduction/fertilization. - ANSWER-An oocyte is created
through the process of oogenesis. During ovulation, the ovum (mature oocyte) drops
into the distal third of the fallopian tube. During intercourse, the sperm travels through
the vagina, past the cervix, then into the uterus. The sperm swims around to find the
ovum in the distal third of the fallopian tube. When the sperm finds the ovum, it fertilizes
the egg. When the nucleus of the fertilized cell splits, it forms a zygote (day 1). For a
few days, the zygote keeps splitting until it gets to 16 cells, then it is called a morula. It
becomes at blastocyst at day 5 then implants into the endometrium. This entire time the
cell is traveling from the distal third of the fallopian tube to the fundus of the uterus.
The main hormone involved with labor and delivery. It causes labor contractions, and
prevents hemorrhaging right after delivery. - ANSWER-Oxytocin
From 6-8 days until 8 weeks gestation, a baby is called what? - ANSWER-Embryo
,From 9 weeks gestation on, a baby is called what? - ANSWER-A fetus
How long is an egg viable for? - ANSWER-24 hours
These two hormones peak right before ovulation, to cause the ovum to be released into
the fallopian tube. - ANSWER-FSH and LH
How long does it take for the fertilized egg to travel from the ampulla of the fallopian
tube to the uterus to implant? - ANSWER-Up to 7 days, it varies.
A fertilized egg - ANSWER-Zygote
The process of the blastocyst implanting in the uterus releases which hormone,
commonly used for pregnancy tests? - ANSWER-HCG
The period from fertilization (Day 0) to 2 weeks is called what? - ANSWER-Pre-
embryonic period
Which period is most critical in the development of the organ systems and main features
of a fetus? - ANSWER-Embryonic period (Week 2-8)
What are the three layers of the blastocyst? - ANSWER-1. Ectoderm
2. Mesoderm
3. Endoderm
In the fetal period, the fetus grows how much per day? - ANSWER-1.5%
The term for the uterine lining during pregnancy (endometrium), which forms the
maternal part of the placenta. - ANSWER-Decidua
# of times a woman has been pregnant (including current pregnancy) - ANSWER-
Gravida
# of times a woman has given birth, longer than 20 weeks gestation - ANSWER-Parity
A woman who has had 2 or more pregnancies - ANSWER-Multigravida
A woman who has had no pregnancies - ANSWER-Nulligravida
A woman who is pregnant for the first time - ANSWER-Primigravida
A woman who has completed two or more pregnancies to 20 weeks of gestation or
more - ANSWER-Multipara
A woman who has not completed a pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses beyond 20 weeks
of gestation - ANSWER-Nullipara
, A pregnancy that has reached 20 weeks of gestation but ends before completion of 37
weeks of gestation - ANSWER-Preterm
A woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses who have reached
20 weeks of gestation - ANSWER-Primipara
A pregnancy from the beginning of week 38 of gestation to the end of week 42 of
gestation - ANSWER-Term
The capacity to live outside the uterus; there are no clear limits of gestational age or
weight. Infants born at 22 to 25 weeks of gestation are considered to be on the
threshold of this and are especially vulnerable to brain injury if they survive. - ANSWER-
Viability
An organ of respiration, nutrition, excretion, storage, and transportation. - ANSWER-
Placenta
Menstruation begins approximately __ days after ovulation. - ANSWER-14
You are working with a college student who is planning to become sexually active. She
is requesting a reliable method of birth control that could be easily discontinued if
necessary. Which option should be given the strongest recommendation?
a. Intrauterine device (IUD)
b. Coitus interruptus
c. Natural family planning
d. Oral contraceptive pills - ANSWER-D (Oral contraceptive pills prevent ovulation, are
easy to stop, and are 99% effective in pregnancy prevention. Intrauterine devices,
coitus interruptus, and natural family planning will not prevent ovulation; they should not
be recommended for this college student who desires a reliable method of birth control
that can be easily discontinued.)
A 20-year-old woman comes for preconceptual counseling. She wants to get pregnant
soon. Which of the following health-promoting habits would have the highest priority at
this time?
a. Immediate tobacco cessation
b. Getting daily exercise
c. Stopping all caffeine
d. Avoidance of sweets - ANSWER-A (Psychosocial factors affecting pregnancy include
smoking, excessive use of caffeine, alcohol and drug abuse, psychological status
including impaired mental health, an addictive lifestyle, spouse abuse, and
noncompliance with cultural norms. Immediate tobacco cessation would be the highest
priority because continued smoking could be teratogenic if the woman should become
pregnant. Smoking causes vasoconstriction which restricts the amount of oxygen and
Answers 2026
The process by which human beings produce a new individual. The total process by
which organisms produce offspring. - ANSWER-Reproduction
These cells carry the genetic materials needed for conception and genetic material. -
ANSWER-Reproductive cells (Such as oocytes or spermatocytes)
The formation and development of germ cells, oocytes, and spermatocytes. - ANSWER-
Gametogenesis
Gametogenesis occurs through _____. - ANSWER-Meiosis
The process of egg formation. - ANSWER-Oogenesis
The formation of a germ cell to a sperm cell. - ANSWER-Spermatogenesis
An oocyte matures to an _____. - ANSWER-Ovum
What are the two populations at greatest risk for problems with reproduction? -
ANSWER-Impoverished and adolescents
Your client is a 17 year old female that just found out she is 8 weeks gestation. Based
on her age, you suspect that she is:
a. At risk for problems with reproduction
b. Not at risk for problems with reproduction - ANSWER-A (The very young (under 18)
and the very old (over 35) are a population that is at risk for problems with
reproduction.)
Your pregnant patient has an STD. This is an example of which category risk factor for
reproduction?
a. Biophysical
b. Psychosocial
c. Sociodemographic
d. Environmental - ANSWER-A (Biophysical risk factors include PID, HIV/AIDS, any
STD, chromosomal abnormalities, hypertension, heart failure, type I diabetes, and
obesity. Basically, any medical condition.)
You know that which of the following would be an example of a psychosocial risk factor
related to reproduction?
,a. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
b. Secondhand smoking
c. Drug addiction
d. Lack of insurance - ANSWER-C (Psychosocial risk factors include: Isolation, anxiety,
depression, spousal abuse or inter partner violence, drug and alcohol use and
addiction.)
Formation of a viable zygote. - ANSWER-Conception
A process that interferes with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, and
implantation. - ANSWER-Contraception
The union of a spermatozoal nucleus with an egg nucleus to form the primary nucleus
of an embryo - ANSWER-Fertilization
Carrying of an embryo or fetus inside the uterus from conception until birth. - ANSWER-
Gestation
Refers to the embryonic or fetal age plus two weeks (approximately the duration since
the woman's last menstrual period (LMP) began. - ANSWER-Gestational age
List 5 causes of male infertility. - ANSWER-1. Low testosterone levels
2. Undescended testes
3. Varicocele
4. Low sperm count/no sperm count
5. Infections
List 3 causes of female infertility. - ANSWER-1. Uterine abnormalities
2. Hormonal problems
3. Infections
Describe of process of reproduction/fertilization. - ANSWER-An oocyte is created
through the process of oogenesis. During ovulation, the ovum (mature oocyte) drops
into the distal third of the fallopian tube. During intercourse, the sperm travels through
the vagina, past the cervix, then into the uterus. The sperm swims around to find the
ovum in the distal third of the fallopian tube. When the sperm finds the ovum, it fertilizes
the egg. When the nucleus of the fertilized cell splits, it forms a zygote (day 1). For a
few days, the zygote keeps splitting until it gets to 16 cells, then it is called a morula. It
becomes at blastocyst at day 5 then implants into the endometrium. This entire time the
cell is traveling from the distal third of the fallopian tube to the fundus of the uterus.
The main hormone involved with labor and delivery. It causes labor contractions, and
prevents hemorrhaging right after delivery. - ANSWER-Oxytocin
From 6-8 days until 8 weeks gestation, a baby is called what? - ANSWER-Embryo
,From 9 weeks gestation on, a baby is called what? - ANSWER-A fetus
How long is an egg viable for? - ANSWER-24 hours
These two hormones peak right before ovulation, to cause the ovum to be released into
the fallopian tube. - ANSWER-FSH and LH
How long does it take for the fertilized egg to travel from the ampulla of the fallopian
tube to the uterus to implant? - ANSWER-Up to 7 days, it varies.
A fertilized egg - ANSWER-Zygote
The process of the blastocyst implanting in the uterus releases which hormone,
commonly used for pregnancy tests? - ANSWER-HCG
The period from fertilization (Day 0) to 2 weeks is called what? - ANSWER-Pre-
embryonic period
Which period is most critical in the development of the organ systems and main features
of a fetus? - ANSWER-Embryonic period (Week 2-8)
What are the three layers of the blastocyst? - ANSWER-1. Ectoderm
2. Mesoderm
3. Endoderm
In the fetal period, the fetus grows how much per day? - ANSWER-1.5%
The term for the uterine lining during pregnancy (endometrium), which forms the
maternal part of the placenta. - ANSWER-Decidua
# of times a woman has been pregnant (including current pregnancy) - ANSWER-
Gravida
# of times a woman has given birth, longer than 20 weeks gestation - ANSWER-Parity
A woman who has had 2 or more pregnancies - ANSWER-Multigravida
A woman who has had no pregnancies - ANSWER-Nulligravida
A woman who is pregnant for the first time - ANSWER-Primigravida
A woman who has completed two or more pregnancies to 20 weeks of gestation or
more - ANSWER-Multipara
A woman who has not completed a pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses beyond 20 weeks
of gestation - ANSWER-Nullipara
, A pregnancy that has reached 20 weeks of gestation but ends before completion of 37
weeks of gestation - ANSWER-Preterm
A woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses who have reached
20 weeks of gestation - ANSWER-Primipara
A pregnancy from the beginning of week 38 of gestation to the end of week 42 of
gestation - ANSWER-Term
The capacity to live outside the uterus; there are no clear limits of gestational age or
weight. Infants born at 22 to 25 weeks of gestation are considered to be on the
threshold of this and are especially vulnerable to brain injury if they survive. - ANSWER-
Viability
An organ of respiration, nutrition, excretion, storage, and transportation. - ANSWER-
Placenta
Menstruation begins approximately __ days after ovulation. - ANSWER-14
You are working with a college student who is planning to become sexually active. She
is requesting a reliable method of birth control that could be easily discontinued if
necessary. Which option should be given the strongest recommendation?
a. Intrauterine device (IUD)
b. Coitus interruptus
c. Natural family planning
d. Oral contraceptive pills - ANSWER-D (Oral contraceptive pills prevent ovulation, are
easy to stop, and are 99% effective in pregnancy prevention. Intrauterine devices,
coitus interruptus, and natural family planning will not prevent ovulation; they should not
be recommended for this college student who desires a reliable method of birth control
that can be easily discontinued.)
A 20-year-old woman comes for preconceptual counseling. She wants to get pregnant
soon. Which of the following health-promoting habits would have the highest priority at
this time?
a. Immediate tobacco cessation
b. Getting daily exercise
c. Stopping all caffeine
d. Avoidance of sweets - ANSWER-A (Psychosocial factors affecting pregnancy include
smoking, excessive use of caffeine, alcohol and drug abuse, psychological status
including impaired mental health, an addictive lifestyle, spouse abuse, and
noncompliance with cultural norms. Immediate tobacco cessation would be the highest
priority because continued smoking could be teratogenic if the woman should become
pregnant. Smoking causes vasoconstriction which restricts the amount of oxygen and
