UCSD COGS 17 Homework Test
Questions All Solved Correctly.
Beta Activity - Answer EEG while awake/active, 18-24Hz, Very high freq, very desynchronized
Alpha Activity - Answer EEG while awake/relaxed, 8-12Hz, Very high freq, somewhat more
sync'd
Theta Activity - Answer EEG during Sleep 1, 4-7Hz, Lower freq, still quite irregular, more
sync'd
Delta Activity - Answer EEG during Sleep 3(&4), <4Hz in less (&more) than 50%, very low
freq, very high voltage, very sync'd
Spindles & K Complexes - Answer During Sleep 2, 2 types of intermittent bursts of high freq
or voltage, as brain settles into deeper sleep
Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) - Answer Another term for Sleep 3 & 4, low freq EEG, highly sync'd
activity
Rapid Eye Movement (REM) - Answer Stage of Sleep associated with dreams
Paradoxical Sleep - Answer Another name for REM due to its contradictory nature (active,
desync'd brain, but paralyzed body)
Atonia - Answer Condition in which Pons suppresses motor signals sent to Cord, so muscle
action prohibited
PGO Wave - Answer Sequence of activation in Pons => (Lateral) Geniculate => Occipital
Cortex that initiates deam sleep
ACh - Answer 1. Excitatory neurotransmitter released by PGO Wave to desynchronise brain
2. NT released by Basal Forebrain that increases cortical arousal
90 Minutes - Answer Duration of one sleep cycle through Stages 1,2,3,4,3,2,"Dream" sleep
, REM Rebound - Answer Condition after sleep deprivation in which system attempts to enter
"Dream" sleep more frequently
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) - Answer Location in Hypothalamus of Circadian Clock
Zeitgeber - Answer "Time Giver", a stimulus, such as a bright sunlight, that can reset
Circadian Clock
Retino-Hypothalamic Path - Answer Path of Optic Nerve collateral that connects special
visual receptors in eye directly to clock
Pineal Gland - Answer Gland that produces a hormone that impacts on Hypothalamus to
increase sleepiness
Melatonin - Answer Hormone that can be taken as a sleep aid, produced in Pineal Gland
Basal Forebrain - Answer Forebrain structure (anterior & dorsal to Hypothal) that modifies
arousal in cortex
GABA - Answer 1. NT released by Basal Forebrain that decreases cortical arousal
2. Inhibitory NT, admits Cl- ions into cells whose agonists (Valium, Xanax) are used to combat
anxiety
Adenosine - Answer Chemical that builds up in cells, released as NT, inhibits release of ACh,
promotes sleep
Caffeine - Answer Stimulant that blocks receptors for Adenosine, allowing continued cortical
arousal
Pre-Optic Area - Answer Nucleus of Hypothalamus critical in initiating sleep (also assesses &
regulates body temp)
Raphe Nuclei - Answer Structure in Pons whose functions include shutting off REM sleep
5HT - Answer NT released by Raphe Nuclei; very low in SWS, very high at end of REM
Reticular Formation - Answer "Net" from Medulla & Pons, for widespread arousal of
Forebrain, esp Thalamus and Basal Forebrain
Questions All Solved Correctly.
Beta Activity - Answer EEG while awake/active, 18-24Hz, Very high freq, very desynchronized
Alpha Activity - Answer EEG while awake/relaxed, 8-12Hz, Very high freq, somewhat more
sync'd
Theta Activity - Answer EEG during Sleep 1, 4-7Hz, Lower freq, still quite irregular, more
sync'd
Delta Activity - Answer EEG during Sleep 3(&4), <4Hz in less (&more) than 50%, very low
freq, very high voltage, very sync'd
Spindles & K Complexes - Answer During Sleep 2, 2 types of intermittent bursts of high freq
or voltage, as brain settles into deeper sleep
Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) - Answer Another term for Sleep 3 & 4, low freq EEG, highly sync'd
activity
Rapid Eye Movement (REM) - Answer Stage of Sleep associated with dreams
Paradoxical Sleep - Answer Another name for REM due to its contradictory nature (active,
desync'd brain, but paralyzed body)
Atonia - Answer Condition in which Pons suppresses motor signals sent to Cord, so muscle
action prohibited
PGO Wave - Answer Sequence of activation in Pons => (Lateral) Geniculate => Occipital
Cortex that initiates deam sleep
ACh - Answer 1. Excitatory neurotransmitter released by PGO Wave to desynchronise brain
2. NT released by Basal Forebrain that increases cortical arousal
90 Minutes - Answer Duration of one sleep cycle through Stages 1,2,3,4,3,2,"Dream" sleep
, REM Rebound - Answer Condition after sleep deprivation in which system attempts to enter
"Dream" sleep more frequently
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) - Answer Location in Hypothalamus of Circadian Clock
Zeitgeber - Answer "Time Giver", a stimulus, such as a bright sunlight, that can reset
Circadian Clock
Retino-Hypothalamic Path - Answer Path of Optic Nerve collateral that connects special
visual receptors in eye directly to clock
Pineal Gland - Answer Gland that produces a hormone that impacts on Hypothalamus to
increase sleepiness
Melatonin - Answer Hormone that can be taken as a sleep aid, produced in Pineal Gland
Basal Forebrain - Answer Forebrain structure (anterior & dorsal to Hypothal) that modifies
arousal in cortex
GABA - Answer 1. NT released by Basal Forebrain that decreases cortical arousal
2. Inhibitory NT, admits Cl- ions into cells whose agonists (Valium, Xanax) are used to combat
anxiety
Adenosine - Answer Chemical that builds up in cells, released as NT, inhibits release of ACh,
promotes sleep
Caffeine - Answer Stimulant that blocks receptors for Adenosine, allowing continued cortical
arousal
Pre-Optic Area - Answer Nucleus of Hypothalamus critical in initiating sleep (also assesses &
regulates body temp)
Raphe Nuclei - Answer Structure in Pons whose functions include shutting off REM sleep
5HT - Answer NT released by Raphe Nuclei; very low in SWS, very high at end of REM
Reticular Formation - Answer "Net" from Medulla & Pons, for widespread arousal of
Forebrain, esp Thalamus and Basal Forebrain
