ABDSM Final Exam Review | Comprehensive study
Guide with Complete Actual Exam Questions,
Verified Correct Answers and Detailed Rationales |
Latest Updated Edition 2026/2027 | Already Passed
with Grade A+
Question 1
What nerve innervates the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
A. Auriculotemporal nerve only
B. Deep temporal nerve only
C. Masseteric nerve only
D. Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3)
Answer: D
Rationale: The TMJ is innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
(V3), which includes auriculotemporal, deep temporal, and masseteric branches.
Question 2
Which of the following is true regarding Muller's maneuver?
A. It is used to distinguish between OSA and CSA
B. After forced expiration, an attempt at inspiration is made with closed nose and mouth
C. After maximum inspiration, an attempt at expiration is made with closed mouth and
nose
D. It helps to clear the eustachian tubes during dramatic altitude changes
Answer: B
Rationale: Muller's maneuver involves forced expiration followed by attempted
inspiration with closed nose and mouth to assess upper airway collapsibility.
Question 3
How do we know that the sleep/wake cycle is regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus
(SCN)?
A. Because even without environmental time cues, the cycle continues on approximately
a 24-hour basis
B. Because the SCN is directly connected to the spinal cord
C. Because the SCN is located in the brainstem
D. Because the SCN is only active during REM sleep
Answer: A
Rationale: The SCN maintains circadian rhythm even without external cues,
demonstrating its role as the internal biological clock.
pg. 1
,Question 4
Which statement is true regarding Melatonin?
A. Melatonin is necessary for sleep
B. Melatonin is released from the Pineal Gland
C. Increased release of Melatonin at end of day is the primary factor in sleep drive
D. Caffeine is a non-specific melatonin blocker
Answer: B
Rationale: Melatonin is released from the pineal gland and helps synchronize
circadian rhythms, but it is not necessary for sleep.
Question 5
During sleep, breathing typically:
A. Slows
B. Accelerates
C. Has no effect on
D. Increases rapidly
Answer: A
Rationale: Breathing slows during sleep due to decreased metabolic demand and
reduced respiratory drive.
Question 6
Which is more effective at managing mild to moderate OSA with a mandibular
advancement device (MAD), 50% or 75% protrusion?
A. 50% protrusion is significantly more effective
B. 75% protrusion is significantly more effective
C. Either - they are equal; for severe OSA, 75% protrusion is slightly more effective
D. Neither is effective for mild to moderate OSA
Answer: C
Rationale: For mild to moderate OSA, 50% and 75% protrusion are equally effective;
75% is slightly better for severe OSA.
Question 7
What does the glymphatic system do?
A. Regulates body temperature and heart rate
B. Synthesizes neurotransmitters for synaptic transmission
C. Flushes out toxins, proteins, and metabolic waste from the brain
D. Transports oxygen and nutrients to neurons
Answer: C
Rationale: The glymphatic system clears metabolic waste from the brain during sleep.
pg. 2
,Question 8
With regards to biomechanical properties of the upper airway, which statement is true?
A. Sleep apnea patients paralyzed during general anesthesia demonstrated airway
compliance similar to healthy subjects
B. Sleep apnea patients had more negative closing pressures
C. Sleep apnea patients demonstrate a more positive Pcrit
D. There is no correlation between collapsibility when awake and collapsibility when
asleep
Answer: C
Rationale: Sleep apnea patients have a more positive Pcrit (more collapsible airway).
Question 9
What are the actions of the temporalis muscle?
A. Protrudes and depresses the mandible
B. Laterally deviates and protrudes the mandible
C. Elevates and retrudes the mandible
D. Depresses and retrudes the mandible
Answer: C
Rationale: The temporalis muscle elevates and retrudes the mandible.
Question 10
Which neurons are sleep promoting?
A. Ventrolateral Preoptic System (VLPO) only
B. Median Preoptic Nuclei (MNPO) only
C. Both VLPO and MNPO
D. Neither VLPO nor MNPO
Answer: C
Rationale: Both VLPO and MNPO are sleep-promoting neurons.
Question 11
How does adolescent sleep change?
A. Reduction in slow wave sleep only
B. Marked decrease in percentage of REM from birth to adolescence only
C. Both reduction in slow wave sleep and marked decrease in REM percentage
D. Neither reduction in slow wave sleep nor decrease in REM percentage
Answer: C
Rationale: Adolescents experience reduction in slow wave sleep and decreased REM
percentage.
pg. 3
, Question 12
What waves are associated with N1 sleep?
A. Beta waves and gamma waves
B. Vertex sharp waves and alpha waves
C. K complexes and sleep spindles
D. Theta waves and delta waves
Answer: B
Rationale: N1 sleep is characterized by vertex sharp waves and alpha waves.
Question 13
What is the first-line therapy for children with airway issues?
A. Tracheostomy
B. Tonsillectomy
C. Craniotomy
D. Myringotomy
Answer: B
Rationale: Tonsillectomy is first-line therapy for pediatric airway obstruction.
Question 14
Can CPAP prevent cardiovascular events in patients with moderate to severe OSA and
CVD?
A. Yes, CPAP significantly reduces cardiovascular events
B. No, not compared to usual care alone
C. Yes, but only in patients with mild OSA
D. No, CPAP has no effect on cardiovascular outcomes
Answer: B
Rationale: CPAP does not prevent cardiovascular events compared to usual care alone.
Question 15
What can be concluded regarding nasal resistance and treatment of OSA with OAT?
A. Lower nasal resistance is a predictor of improved OAT response
B. Higher nasal resistance is a predictor of improved OAT response
C. Women with higher nasal resistance show improved response to OAT
D. Nasal resistance increases with protrusive positioning of the mandible
Answer: A
Rationale: Lower nasal resistance predicts improved OAT response.
Question 16
Is nasal patency a major contributor to OSA?
A. Yes, nasal patency is the primary contributor
B. No - using nasal dilators doesn't significantly improve nasal flow or apnea index
pg. 4
Guide with Complete Actual Exam Questions,
Verified Correct Answers and Detailed Rationales |
Latest Updated Edition 2026/2027 | Already Passed
with Grade A+
Question 1
What nerve innervates the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
A. Auriculotemporal nerve only
B. Deep temporal nerve only
C. Masseteric nerve only
D. Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3)
Answer: D
Rationale: The TMJ is innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
(V3), which includes auriculotemporal, deep temporal, and masseteric branches.
Question 2
Which of the following is true regarding Muller's maneuver?
A. It is used to distinguish between OSA and CSA
B. After forced expiration, an attempt at inspiration is made with closed nose and mouth
C. After maximum inspiration, an attempt at expiration is made with closed mouth and
nose
D. It helps to clear the eustachian tubes during dramatic altitude changes
Answer: B
Rationale: Muller's maneuver involves forced expiration followed by attempted
inspiration with closed nose and mouth to assess upper airway collapsibility.
Question 3
How do we know that the sleep/wake cycle is regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus
(SCN)?
A. Because even without environmental time cues, the cycle continues on approximately
a 24-hour basis
B. Because the SCN is directly connected to the spinal cord
C. Because the SCN is located in the brainstem
D. Because the SCN is only active during REM sleep
Answer: A
Rationale: The SCN maintains circadian rhythm even without external cues,
demonstrating its role as the internal biological clock.
pg. 1
,Question 4
Which statement is true regarding Melatonin?
A. Melatonin is necessary for sleep
B. Melatonin is released from the Pineal Gland
C. Increased release of Melatonin at end of day is the primary factor in sleep drive
D. Caffeine is a non-specific melatonin blocker
Answer: B
Rationale: Melatonin is released from the pineal gland and helps synchronize
circadian rhythms, but it is not necessary for sleep.
Question 5
During sleep, breathing typically:
A. Slows
B. Accelerates
C. Has no effect on
D. Increases rapidly
Answer: A
Rationale: Breathing slows during sleep due to decreased metabolic demand and
reduced respiratory drive.
Question 6
Which is more effective at managing mild to moderate OSA with a mandibular
advancement device (MAD), 50% or 75% protrusion?
A. 50% protrusion is significantly more effective
B. 75% protrusion is significantly more effective
C. Either - they are equal; for severe OSA, 75% protrusion is slightly more effective
D. Neither is effective for mild to moderate OSA
Answer: C
Rationale: For mild to moderate OSA, 50% and 75% protrusion are equally effective;
75% is slightly better for severe OSA.
Question 7
What does the glymphatic system do?
A. Regulates body temperature and heart rate
B. Synthesizes neurotransmitters for synaptic transmission
C. Flushes out toxins, proteins, and metabolic waste from the brain
D. Transports oxygen and nutrients to neurons
Answer: C
Rationale: The glymphatic system clears metabolic waste from the brain during sleep.
pg. 2
,Question 8
With regards to biomechanical properties of the upper airway, which statement is true?
A. Sleep apnea patients paralyzed during general anesthesia demonstrated airway
compliance similar to healthy subjects
B. Sleep apnea patients had more negative closing pressures
C. Sleep apnea patients demonstrate a more positive Pcrit
D. There is no correlation between collapsibility when awake and collapsibility when
asleep
Answer: C
Rationale: Sleep apnea patients have a more positive Pcrit (more collapsible airway).
Question 9
What are the actions of the temporalis muscle?
A. Protrudes and depresses the mandible
B. Laterally deviates and protrudes the mandible
C. Elevates and retrudes the mandible
D. Depresses and retrudes the mandible
Answer: C
Rationale: The temporalis muscle elevates and retrudes the mandible.
Question 10
Which neurons are sleep promoting?
A. Ventrolateral Preoptic System (VLPO) only
B. Median Preoptic Nuclei (MNPO) only
C. Both VLPO and MNPO
D. Neither VLPO nor MNPO
Answer: C
Rationale: Both VLPO and MNPO are sleep-promoting neurons.
Question 11
How does adolescent sleep change?
A. Reduction in slow wave sleep only
B. Marked decrease in percentage of REM from birth to adolescence only
C. Both reduction in slow wave sleep and marked decrease in REM percentage
D. Neither reduction in slow wave sleep nor decrease in REM percentage
Answer: C
Rationale: Adolescents experience reduction in slow wave sleep and decreased REM
percentage.
pg. 3
, Question 12
What waves are associated with N1 sleep?
A. Beta waves and gamma waves
B. Vertex sharp waves and alpha waves
C. K complexes and sleep spindles
D. Theta waves and delta waves
Answer: B
Rationale: N1 sleep is characterized by vertex sharp waves and alpha waves.
Question 13
What is the first-line therapy for children with airway issues?
A. Tracheostomy
B. Tonsillectomy
C. Craniotomy
D. Myringotomy
Answer: B
Rationale: Tonsillectomy is first-line therapy for pediatric airway obstruction.
Question 14
Can CPAP prevent cardiovascular events in patients with moderate to severe OSA and
CVD?
A. Yes, CPAP significantly reduces cardiovascular events
B. No, not compared to usual care alone
C. Yes, but only in patients with mild OSA
D. No, CPAP has no effect on cardiovascular outcomes
Answer: B
Rationale: CPAP does not prevent cardiovascular events compared to usual care alone.
Question 15
What can be concluded regarding nasal resistance and treatment of OSA with OAT?
A. Lower nasal resistance is a predictor of improved OAT response
B. Higher nasal resistance is a predictor of improved OAT response
C. Women with higher nasal resistance show improved response to OAT
D. Nasal resistance increases with protrusive positioning of the mandible
Answer: A
Rationale: Lower nasal resistance predicts improved OAT response.
Question 16
Is nasal patency a major contributor to OSA?
A. Yes, nasal patency is the primary contributor
B. No - using nasal dilators doesn't significantly improve nasal flow or apnea index
pg. 4
