COMD 4450 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026

COMD 4450 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026 Myths of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) - Answers 1. AAC should be viewed as a last resort 2. AAC hinders or stops speech development 3. certain cognitive skills are needed prior 4. speech-generating device is only for children with intact cognition 5. chronological age is not a factor in consideration for AAC 6. no hierarchy of symbols to real objects to photos to line drawings (choose based on child's needs) Assessment for AAC - Answers -Multidisciplinary team -Assess nonverbal skills, expressive skills, receptive skills, literacy skills, pragmatic skills, play skills Aided AAC sytstem - Answers speech-generating device, picture communication symbols, line drawings Unaided AAC system - Answers manual signs, gestures, finger spelling (use only own body) High Tech AAC system - Answers utilize microcomputers, tablets, and specialized software Low Tech AAC system - Answers no electronic parts, Picture Exchange Communication Systems, letter boards, schedule boards, symbol boards Accessing a Speech-Generating Device - Answers -direct selection: touch is easiest -switch access: scanning *scan pattern: linear, circular, row-column, block, auditory (impaired vision) *scan mode: automatic, inverse, step (efficient) -Head tracker -Eye tracking Patient Populations - Answers Children or adults with: CP, Intellectual Disability, Autism, apraxia and dysarthria, TBI, locked-in syndrome, guillain-barre syndrome (paralysis for weeks), severe language delays Barriers to AAC - Answers -opportunity barriers -policy barriers (legislature) -practice barriers (school procedures, device @ school) -knowledge barriers (lack of info about use) -skill barriers (communication partner has trouble with strategy) -attitude barrier (towards AAC, keeps them from participating) -access barrier (limitation in child's capability or communication system) Normal Distribution of Scores - Answers -Bell curve -range of normal: mean of 100, SD of +/- 15 (85 and 115) -90-95% standard of error -10th percentile is the standard cutoff for diagnosis and services of lang. disorder (some use 7th) Language Delay - Answers language skills are slow to emerge or develop, hope for improvement Language Disorder - Answers deviance in usual rate, trajectory, and/or sequence with which specific language skills emerge Verbal Pragmatic skills - Answers conversational skills (maintain, repair breakdowns, initiate, end) Nonverbal Pragmatic skills - Answers eye contact, gestures, facial expressions, proximity Prelinguistic/Early Language Skills - Answers 1. localization: start of cause/effect relationship 2. joint attention: shared focus between caregiver and child 3. mutual gaze: infant and caregiver look at each other when communicating 4. joint action: peek a boo, patty cake 5. vocalizations: reflexive, cooing, laughter, vocal play, early babble, reduplicated, variegated, jargon 6. communicative intentions: pre-verbal and single word 7. nonsymbolic play: use object for intended purpose 8. symbolic play: substitute object for others Direct Intervention - Answers -individual vs. group -group leads to more social interaction -normal vs. disordered or a combination of children in the group (can be role models) -depends on needs of children and parent wishes Indirect Intervention - Answers -get parents/caregivers involved *enhance environment to facilitate change *responding within the environment in optimally facilitative manner -preschools *make sure children are in communicative situations *train teachers to be more interactive and not directive Subordinating conjunctions - Answers because, that, when, who, after, before, so, which, unless, how, until, while, as, like, where Coordinating Conjunctions - Answers and, but, or, so (separate main clauses usually) Teaching vocabulary - Answers -form (morphological structure) -usage (specific vocab for settings) -spelling -meaning -collocations (pairs of words) -memory aids (help us remember experiences) -vocab is related to reading comprehension -listening, speaking, reading, writing