DAVIS ADVANTAGE FOR
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2 EDITION TEST
BANK UPDATED REVIEW PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
⩥ HCO3−
- HCO3− is the symbol for bicarbonate. This is typically reported for
arterial blood gases. Answer: A nurse is reviewing laboratory values.
Which of the following is typically present on arterial blood gas values?
H2CO3
Hct
HCO3−
Hb
⩥ Phosphate
protein
,Carbonic acid-bicarbonate
- The three buffer systems in the body are phosphate, protein, and
carbonic acid-bicarbonate.. Answer: Which of the following are
buffering systems in the body? Select all that apply.
Phosphate
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
Calcium
Protein
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate
⩥ metabolic acidosis
sodium bicarbonate. Answer: initial arterial blood gas results reveal
_______ _______ likely due to metabolic changes brought on by
decreased perfusion of tissue. Following administration of sodium
bicarbonate and subsequent arterial blood gas values, _______ _______
may be considered a treatment option.
⩥ Carbonic acid dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate.
,Carbonic acid is formed by carbonic anhydrase.
- Carbonic acid dissociates into a hydrogen ion and a bicarbonate ion.
- Carbonic anhydrase converts water and carbon dioxide into carbonic
acid. Answer: In the bicarbonate buffering system, which of the
following is true about carbonic acid? Select all that apply.
Carbonic acid dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate.
Carbonic acid is represented by HC03−.
Carbonic acid levels decrease as carbon dioxide levels increase.
Carbonic acid is formed by carbonic anhydrase.
Carbonic acid is not associated with buffering pH changes.
⩥ Increased H+ retention by the kidneys
- Increased hydrogen retention will reduce plasma pH.. Answer: A
patient has severe metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following
compensations will the nurse expect to observe?
, Increased H+ retention by the kidneys
Increased H+ excretion by the kidneys
Increased H+ secretion by the kidneys
Increased respirations
⩥ Carbon dioxide will increase to normal levels and pH will return to
normal values.
- Partial pressure of oxygen would not elevate significantly.. Answer: A
patient is hyperventilating owing to anxiety. Respiratory alkalosis is
present. The nurse models slower, deeper respirations. What will happen
when the patient slows his or her breathing to match the nurse's
example?
Oxygen levels will increase.
Carbon dioxide will increase to normal levels and pH will return to
normal values.
Carbon dioxide and pH will drop further.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2 EDITION TEST
BANK UPDATED REVIEW PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
⩥ HCO3−
- HCO3− is the symbol for bicarbonate. This is typically reported for
arterial blood gases. Answer: A nurse is reviewing laboratory values.
Which of the following is typically present on arterial blood gas values?
H2CO3
Hct
HCO3−
Hb
⩥ Phosphate
protein
,Carbonic acid-bicarbonate
- The three buffer systems in the body are phosphate, protein, and
carbonic acid-bicarbonate.. Answer: Which of the following are
buffering systems in the body? Select all that apply.
Phosphate
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
Calcium
Protein
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate
⩥ metabolic acidosis
sodium bicarbonate. Answer: initial arterial blood gas results reveal
_______ _______ likely due to metabolic changes brought on by
decreased perfusion of tissue. Following administration of sodium
bicarbonate and subsequent arterial blood gas values, _______ _______
may be considered a treatment option.
⩥ Carbonic acid dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate.
,Carbonic acid is formed by carbonic anhydrase.
- Carbonic acid dissociates into a hydrogen ion and a bicarbonate ion.
- Carbonic anhydrase converts water and carbon dioxide into carbonic
acid. Answer: In the bicarbonate buffering system, which of the
following is true about carbonic acid? Select all that apply.
Carbonic acid dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate.
Carbonic acid is represented by HC03−.
Carbonic acid levels decrease as carbon dioxide levels increase.
Carbonic acid is formed by carbonic anhydrase.
Carbonic acid is not associated with buffering pH changes.
⩥ Increased H+ retention by the kidneys
- Increased hydrogen retention will reduce plasma pH.. Answer: A
patient has severe metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following
compensations will the nurse expect to observe?
, Increased H+ retention by the kidneys
Increased H+ excretion by the kidneys
Increased H+ secretion by the kidneys
Increased respirations
⩥ Carbon dioxide will increase to normal levels and pH will return to
normal values.
- Partial pressure of oxygen would not elevate significantly.. Answer: A
patient is hyperventilating owing to anxiety. Respiratory alkalosis is
present. The nurse models slower, deeper respirations. What will happen
when the patient slows his or her breathing to match the nurse's
example?
Oxygen levels will increase.
Carbon dioxide will increase to normal levels and pH will return to
normal values.
Carbon dioxide and pH will drop further.
