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NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology

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Exam (elaborations)

NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology

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2025/2026

Institution NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology

Course NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology

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NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology

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NR 507: ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS

Asthmak- kCORRECTkANSWER-
Chronickdiseasekdue ktokbronchoconstrictionkandkankexcessivekinflammatorykresponsekinkthe kbronchioles

Whatkare k5ks/skofkasthmak-kCORRECTkANSWER-coughingk

wheezingk

shortnesskofkbreathk

rapidkbreathingk

chestktightness

Pathophysiology kof kasthmak(5)k-kCORRECTkANSWER--airwaykinflammation,kbronchialkhyper-
reactivitykandksmoothkmuscle kspasm

-excesskmucuskproductionkandkaccumulationk

-hypertrophykofkbronchialksmoothkmuscle k

-airflowkobstructionk

-decreasedkalveolarkventilation

Bronchiolesk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
smallerkpassagewayskthatkoriginatekfromkthekbronchi kthatkbecomekthekalveoli

3klayerskof kthe kbronchiolesk-kCORRECTkANSWER-innermostklayerk

middle klayerk-klaminakpropriak

outermostklayer

,laminakpropriak-kCORRECTkANSWER-the kmiddle klayerkofkthe kbronchioles

structure kofkthe klaminakpropriak-kCORRECTkANSWER-
embeddedkwithkconnectivektissuekcellskandkimmunekcells

purpose kofktheklaminakpropriak-kCORRECTkANSWER-
white kbloodkcellskare kpresentktokhelpkprotectkthekairways

Howkdoeskthe klaminakpropriakeffectkthe klungskinkregardsktokasthmak-kCORRECTkANSWER-
the kWBCskprotective kfeature kgoeskintokoverdrivekcausingkankinflammatorykresponsekthatkdamageskhostktis
sue

Whatkdoeskthe kinnermostklayerkofkthekbronchioleskcontaink-kCORRECTkANSWER-
columnarkepithelialkellskandkmucuskproducingkgobletkcells

Whatkdoeskthe koutermostklayerkofkthekbronchioleskcontaink-kCORRECTkANSWER-smoothkmusclekcells

whatkdoeskthe koutermostklayerkofkthekbronchioleskdok-kCORRECTkANSWER-
control kthe kairwayskabilityktokconstrictkandkdilate

alveolarkhyperinflationk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Whenkairkiskunablektokmovekoutkofkthekalveolarklikekitkshouldkduektokbronchialkwallskcollapsingkaroundkpos
sible kmucuskplugkthusktrappingkairkinside

howkdoeskhyperinflationkoccur?k-kCORRECTkANSWER-
the kongoingkinflammatorykprocesskof kasthmakproduceskmucuskandkpuskplugkthatkthekbronchialkwallskcolla
pse karound

Effectkofkhyperinflationkofkthekalveolark-kCORRECTkANSWER--
expandedkthorax kandkhypercapniak(retentionkofkCO2) k

-krespiratorykacidosis

Whatkare ktwokanticholinergickdrugskusedkforkasthmak-kCORRECTkANSWER-tiotropiumkandkipratropium

, Whatkdokanticholinergicskdokinkthe klungs?k-kCORRECTkANSWER-
These kdrugskblockkthekeffectskof kthe kparasympatheticknervousksystemk

-kincreasingkbronchodilation

MOAkofkanticholinergickdrugskforkasthmak-kCORRECTkANSWER-
the kparasympatheticksystemkiskstimulatedkbykthekvagalknerve ktokreleasekacetylcholinekwhichkbindsktokthekc
holinergickreceptorskofkthekrespiratoryktractktokcausekbronchial kconstrictionk=kdecreasedkairflowk

-kblockingkthekcholinergickreceptorskpreventskacetylcholine kbindingkpreventingkthekbronchial kconstriction

bronchitisk-kCORRECTkANSWER-inflammationkofkthe kbronchial ktubes

3kcharacteristicskof kbronchitisk-kCORRECTkANSWER-bronchial kinflammation

hypersecretionkofkmucusk

chronickproductivekcoughkforkatkleastk3kconsecutivekmonthskforkatkleastk2ksuccessive kyears

Perfusionk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
The ksupplykofkoxygenktokandkremovalkofkwasteskfromkthe kcellskandktissueskofkthekbodykaskakresultkofkthekflo
wkof kbloodkthroughkthekcapillaries.

resultskof kchronickbronchitis/klowkperfusionk-kCORRECTkANSWER-cyanosisk

rightktokleftkshuntingk

chronickhypoxemia

Whykiskthere kcyanosiskwithkchronickbronchitisk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
there kiskhypoxiakduektokunfavorablekconditionskforkgaskexchange

Rightktokleftkshuntingk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
whenkbloodkpasseskfromkthekrightkventriclekthroughkthe klungskandktokthekleftkventriclekwithoutkperfusion

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Number of pages: 22
Written in: 2025/2026
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