COSC 275 UPDATED CORE EXAM MANUAL QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Footing - ✔✔That portion of the foundation of a structure that spreads and transmits
the
load directly to the soil.
✔✔Reinforced Concrete - ✔✔Concrete containing adequate reinforcement, prestressed
or not
prestressed, and designed on the assumption that the two materials (steel
and concrete) act together in resisting forces.
✔✔Reinforcing Bar - ✔✔A steel bar, usually with manufactured deformations, used in
concrete and
masonry construction to provide additional strength.
✔✔Footing Beam - ✔✔A reinforced concrete beam connecting pile caps or spread
footings to
distribute horizontal loads caused by eccentric loading.
✔✔Bolster - ✔✔In concrete, an individual or continuous support used to hold reinforcing
bars in position. Usually used in slab work.
✔✔Pan Construction - ✔✔A type of concrete floor or roof in which pan forms are used
to create
intersecting ribs and resulting in a waffle-like undersurface.
✔✔Formwork - ✔✔The total system of support for freshly placed concrete, including the
mold
or sheathing that contacts the concrete, as well as all supporting members,
hardware, and necessary bracing.
✔✔PVR - Potential Vertical Rise - ✔✔Potential Vertical Rise, expressed in inches (mm)
is the latent or potential ability of a soil material to swell, at a given density, moisture,
and loading condition, when exposed to capillary or surface water, and thereby increase
the elevation of its upper surface, along with anything resting on it.
✔✔Liquid Limit - ✔✔Liquid limit (LL) is the moisture content expressed as a percentage
of the weight of
oven dried soil, at which soil changes from a plastic to a liquid state.
✔✔Plasticity Index - ✔✔The plasticity index is a range of moisture in which a soil
remains in a plastic state,
while passing from a semisolid state to a liquid state.
, ✔✔overburden - ✔✔Overburden is the soil above the layer or layers being investigated.
✔✔Layer - ✔✔Layer is a horizontal soil structure of uniform or nearly uniform material.
When
the material changes due to moisture, density, or compositioon, a new layer is
considered to have been created.
✔✔Loading - ✔✔Loading is the load (vertical pressure) per unit area in a lb/ft 2
(kPa) from both the
structure and overburden of each layer of soil involved.
✔✔Compaction tests - ✔✔Tests employed to determine the density of a soil.
✔✔Percolation - ✔✔The movement of a fluid through a soil.
✔✔select material - ✔✔Excavated pervious soil suitable for use as a foundation for a
granular base course of a road, or for bedding around pipes.
✔✔Expansive Soil - ✔✔Soil that expands when water is added and shrinks when it
dries out. This change
in soil volume can cause shifting and cracking in structures.
✔✔column - ✔✔A long, relatively slender, supporting pillar. A column is usually loaded
axially in
compression.
✔✔beam - ✔✔A horizontal structural member, such as a girder, rafter, or purlin, that
transversely
supports a load and transfers the load to vertical members, such as columns and
walls.
✔✔girder - ✔✔A large principal beam of steel, reinforced concrete, wood, or a
combination of
these, used to support other structural members at isolated points along its
length.
✔✔Joist - ✔✔A piece of lumber two or four inches thick and six or more inches wide,
used
horizontally as a support for a ceiling or floor. Also, such a support made from
steel, aluminum, or other material.
✔✔Load-bearing wall - ✔✔A wall specifically designed and built to support an imposed
load in addition to its
own weight
AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Footing - ✔✔That portion of the foundation of a structure that spreads and transmits
the
load directly to the soil.
✔✔Reinforced Concrete - ✔✔Concrete containing adequate reinforcement, prestressed
or not
prestressed, and designed on the assumption that the two materials (steel
and concrete) act together in resisting forces.
✔✔Reinforcing Bar - ✔✔A steel bar, usually with manufactured deformations, used in
concrete and
masonry construction to provide additional strength.
✔✔Footing Beam - ✔✔A reinforced concrete beam connecting pile caps or spread
footings to
distribute horizontal loads caused by eccentric loading.
✔✔Bolster - ✔✔In concrete, an individual or continuous support used to hold reinforcing
bars in position. Usually used in slab work.
✔✔Pan Construction - ✔✔A type of concrete floor or roof in which pan forms are used
to create
intersecting ribs and resulting in a waffle-like undersurface.
✔✔Formwork - ✔✔The total system of support for freshly placed concrete, including the
mold
or sheathing that contacts the concrete, as well as all supporting members,
hardware, and necessary bracing.
✔✔PVR - Potential Vertical Rise - ✔✔Potential Vertical Rise, expressed in inches (mm)
is the latent or potential ability of a soil material to swell, at a given density, moisture,
and loading condition, when exposed to capillary or surface water, and thereby increase
the elevation of its upper surface, along with anything resting on it.
✔✔Liquid Limit - ✔✔Liquid limit (LL) is the moisture content expressed as a percentage
of the weight of
oven dried soil, at which soil changes from a plastic to a liquid state.
✔✔Plasticity Index - ✔✔The plasticity index is a range of moisture in which a soil
remains in a plastic state,
while passing from a semisolid state to a liquid state.
, ✔✔overburden - ✔✔Overburden is the soil above the layer or layers being investigated.
✔✔Layer - ✔✔Layer is a horizontal soil structure of uniform or nearly uniform material.
When
the material changes due to moisture, density, or compositioon, a new layer is
considered to have been created.
✔✔Loading - ✔✔Loading is the load (vertical pressure) per unit area in a lb/ft 2
(kPa) from both the
structure and overburden of each layer of soil involved.
✔✔Compaction tests - ✔✔Tests employed to determine the density of a soil.
✔✔Percolation - ✔✔The movement of a fluid through a soil.
✔✔select material - ✔✔Excavated pervious soil suitable for use as a foundation for a
granular base course of a road, or for bedding around pipes.
✔✔Expansive Soil - ✔✔Soil that expands when water is added and shrinks when it
dries out. This change
in soil volume can cause shifting and cracking in structures.
✔✔column - ✔✔A long, relatively slender, supporting pillar. A column is usually loaded
axially in
compression.
✔✔beam - ✔✔A horizontal structural member, such as a girder, rafter, or purlin, that
transversely
supports a load and transfers the load to vertical members, such as columns and
walls.
✔✔girder - ✔✔A large principal beam of steel, reinforced concrete, wood, or a
combination of
these, used to support other structural members at isolated points along its
length.
✔✔Joist - ✔✔A piece of lumber two or four inches thick and six or more inches wide,
used
horizontally as a support for a ceiling or floor. Also, such a support made from
steel, aluminum, or other material.
✔✔Load-bearing wall - ✔✔A wall specifically designed and built to support an imposed
load in addition to its
own weight
