CMSRN LATEST 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
✔✔Liver functions - ✔✔Antibody production
Coagulation- prothrombin, fibrinogen, albumin
Glucose metabolism
Bile salt formation
Detox of noxious agents- excretion
✔✔Hepatitis A - ✔✔Fecal oral
✔✔Hepatitis B - ✔✔Body fluids- drug use, sexual intercourse
✔✔Hepatitis C - ✔✔BLOOD TRANSMISSION WITH TRANSFUSION IS RARE
Drug use, sexual intercourse
High correlation with hepatitis C and liver cancer
✔✔Stages of Hepatitis - ✔✔Prodromal
-I wk- 10 days
-malaise, fever, anorexia
Icteric
-Liver unable to convert bilirubin to bile- jaundice
-Bile out through urine- tea colored
Post-icteric
-2-4 mo
Recovery
-up to one year
-Blood tests over 1 yr
-Contagious as long as antigen positive in blood
✔✔Liver failure causes - ✔✔Drug toxicity- Tylenol number one trigger
Hep B or C
Cirrhosis
Cancer
✔✔Liver failure signs and symptoms - ✔✔Ammonia- neuro neuro neuro
Ascites
Portal HTN
Encephalopathy
GI symptoms
Bleeding- clotting factors disrupted- spider angiomas, skin lesions
✔✔Liver failure diet - ✔✔High cal
low protein- increase ammonia
Low fat
, low Na
✔✔Causes of respiratory alkalosis - ✔✔Anxiety/pain-hyperventilation
PE
Mechanical ventilation
Salicylate OD
✔✔Causes of respiratory acidosis - ✔✔Hypoventilation
Opioid OD
Cardiac arrest
Pulmonary disease
Musculoskeletal disorders- nonambulatory pts
Head trauma
✔✔Causes of metabolic alkalosis - ✔✔Diuretics
Cushing's r/t corticosteroid therapy
Excessive antacids
NG suction
Vomiting
✔✔Causes of metabolic acidosis - ✔✔DKA
Renal failure
Poisoning
Diarrhea
✔✔Chronic bronchitis - ✔✔Chronic, productive cough
SOB
Airway remodeling
Mucus production- increased infection risk
"healthy glow" healthy weight
Local crackles
Tachypneic
Expiratory wheezes
Hacking, rasping
✔✔Empysema - ✔✔Little sputum
Barrel chest
Accessory muscle use
Weight loss- decrease appetite from WOB
Very hypoxic
Tachypneic
Fine crackles
✔✔Considerations for COPDers - ✔✔No more than 2 L O2- will eliminate drive to
breathe if over oxygenated- drive to breathe is high CO2 and low O2
GRADED A+
✔✔Liver functions - ✔✔Antibody production
Coagulation- prothrombin, fibrinogen, albumin
Glucose metabolism
Bile salt formation
Detox of noxious agents- excretion
✔✔Hepatitis A - ✔✔Fecal oral
✔✔Hepatitis B - ✔✔Body fluids- drug use, sexual intercourse
✔✔Hepatitis C - ✔✔BLOOD TRANSMISSION WITH TRANSFUSION IS RARE
Drug use, sexual intercourse
High correlation with hepatitis C and liver cancer
✔✔Stages of Hepatitis - ✔✔Prodromal
-I wk- 10 days
-malaise, fever, anorexia
Icteric
-Liver unable to convert bilirubin to bile- jaundice
-Bile out through urine- tea colored
Post-icteric
-2-4 mo
Recovery
-up to one year
-Blood tests over 1 yr
-Contagious as long as antigen positive in blood
✔✔Liver failure causes - ✔✔Drug toxicity- Tylenol number one trigger
Hep B or C
Cirrhosis
Cancer
✔✔Liver failure signs and symptoms - ✔✔Ammonia- neuro neuro neuro
Ascites
Portal HTN
Encephalopathy
GI symptoms
Bleeding- clotting factors disrupted- spider angiomas, skin lesions
✔✔Liver failure diet - ✔✔High cal
low protein- increase ammonia
Low fat
, low Na
✔✔Causes of respiratory alkalosis - ✔✔Anxiety/pain-hyperventilation
PE
Mechanical ventilation
Salicylate OD
✔✔Causes of respiratory acidosis - ✔✔Hypoventilation
Opioid OD
Cardiac arrest
Pulmonary disease
Musculoskeletal disorders- nonambulatory pts
Head trauma
✔✔Causes of metabolic alkalosis - ✔✔Diuretics
Cushing's r/t corticosteroid therapy
Excessive antacids
NG suction
Vomiting
✔✔Causes of metabolic acidosis - ✔✔DKA
Renal failure
Poisoning
Diarrhea
✔✔Chronic bronchitis - ✔✔Chronic, productive cough
SOB
Airway remodeling
Mucus production- increased infection risk
"healthy glow" healthy weight
Local crackles
Tachypneic
Expiratory wheezes
Hacking, rasping
✔✔Empysema - ✔✔Little sputum
Barrel chest
Accessory muscle use
Weight loss- decrease appetite from WOB
Very hypoxic
Tachypneic
Fine crackles
✔✔Considerations for COPDers - ✔✔No more than 2 L O2- will eliminate drive to
breathe if over oxygenated- drive to breathe is high CO2 and low O2
