Rasmussen Patho Updated Examination Test Questions And Solutions Guarantee A.pdf

RASMUSSEN PATHO UPDATED EXAMINATION TEST
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Risk factors of?: advanced age, autoimmune disorders, and liver disease. -
✔✔Acute Renal Failure

✔✔Causes of Acute Renal Failure: ______. Extremely low blood pressure or blood
volume. Heart dysfunction - ✔✔Prerenal Conditions

✔✔Causes of Acute Renal Failure: _____. Reduced blood supply within the kidneys.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome. Renal inflammation. Toxic injury. - ✔✔Intrarenal
Conditions

✔✔Causes of Acute Renal Failure: _____. Ureter obstruction. Bladder obstruction and
dysfunction. - ✔✔Postrenal Conditions

✔✔The four phases of Acute Renal Failure. - ✔✔Asymptomatic Phase, Oliguric Phase,
Diuretic Phase, and Recovery Phase

✔✔Daily urine output decreases to approximately 400 mL or less, such that waste
products begin to accumulate. - ✔✔Oliguric Phase

✔✔Daily urine output increases to as much as 5 L. - ✔✔Diuretic Phase

✔✔Glomerular function gradually returns to normal. - ✔✔Recovery Phase

✔✔Manifestations of?: decreasing urine output, electrolyte disturbances, fluid volume
excess, azotemia, and metabolic acidosis - ✔✔Oliguric Phase

✔✔Manifestations of?: increased urine output, electrolyte disturbances, dehydration,
and hypotension - ✔✔Diuretic Phase

✔✔Manifestations of?: symptoms begin resolving - ✔✔Recovery Phase

✔✔Gradual loss of renal function that is irreversible. - ✔✔Chronic Kidney Disease

✔✔Causes of?: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, urine obstructions, renal diseases,
renal artery stenosis, ongoing exposure to toxins and nephrotoxic medications, sickle
cell disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, smoking, advancing age. - ✔✔Chronic
Kidney Disease

✔✔How many stages are there for Chronic Kidney Disease - ✔✔5

,✔✔Kidney damage is present, but GFR is > 90 - ✔✔Stage I CKD

✔✔Kidney damage worsens as the GFR falls (60-89). - ✔✔Stage II CKD

✔✔Kidney function is significantly impaired as GFR is between 30 and 59 - ✔✔Stage III
CKD

✔✔Kidney function is barely present with GFR dropping between 15 and 29 - ✔✔Stage
IV CKD

✔✔Kidney failure as the GFR drops to less than 15 or the patient begins dialysis -
✔✔Stage V CKD

✔✔Manifestations of?: hypertension, polyuria with pale urine (early), oliguria or anuria
with dark-colored urine (late), anemia, bruising and bleeding tendencies, muscle
twitches and cramps, electrolyte imbalances, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, pleuritis,
and pleural effusion, congestive heart failure, respiratory distress and abnormal breath
sounds, sudden weight change, edema of the feet and ankles, azotemia, peripheral
neuropathy, restless leg syndrome, seizures, nausea and vomiting, anorexia, malaise,
fatigue and weakness, headaches that seem unrelated to any other cause, sleep
disturbances, decreased mental alertness, flank pain, jaundice, persistent pruritus,
recurrent infections - ✔✔Chronic Kidney Disease

✔✔Infection that has reached on or both kidneys - ✔✔Pyelonephritis

✔✔E. coli is the most common culprit. Kidneys become grossly edematous and fill with
exudate, compressing the renal artery. Abscesses and necrosis can develop, impairing
renal function and causing permanent damage. May be acute or chronic -
✔✔Pyelonephritis

✔✔Complications of?: renal failure, recurrent UTIs, and sepsis - ✔✔Pyelonephritis

✔✔Manifestations of?: severe UTI symptoms, flank pain, and increased blood pressure
- ✔✔Pyelonephritis

✔✔Inflammation of the bladder. The bladder and urethra walls become red and swollen
- ✔✔Cystitis

✔✔Causes of?: infection and irritants - ✔✔Cystitis

✔✔Manifestations of?: UTI symptoms, abdominal pain, and pelvic pressure - ✔✔Cystitis

, ✔✔A condition in which the urethra, or the tube that carries urine from the bladder to
outside the body, becomes inflamed and irritated - ✔✔Urethritis

✔✔Inherited disorder characterized by numerous grape-like clusters of fluid-filled cysts
in both kidneys - ✔✔Polycystic Kidney Disease

✔✔Cysts enlarge the kidneys while compressing and eventually replacing the functional
kidney tissue. The exact trigger is unknown. Prognosis and progression vary widely
depending on the type. - ✔✔Polycystic Kidney Disease

✔✔What are the 2 types of Polycystic Kidney Disease? - ✔✔Autosomal Dominant PKD,
Autosomal Recessive PKD

✔✔Mutation on the short arm of chromosomes 4 and 16. Occurs in both children and
adults, but is much more common in adults. Symptoms often do not show up until
middle age. - ✔✔Autosomal Dominant PKD

✔✔Less common and more serious. Appears in infancy or childhood. Progresses
rapidly, resulting in end-stage kidney failure and generally causing death in infancy or
childhood. - ✔✔Autosomal Recessive PKD

✔✔Complications of?: pyelonephritis, cyst rupture, retroperitoneal bleeding, renal
failure, anemia, hypertension, and renal calculi - ✔✔Polycystic Kidney Disease

✔✔Bilateral inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli that typically follows a streptococcal
infection. Affects men more than women. Leading cause of renal failure. Inflammatory
changes impair the kidney's ability to excrete waste and excess fluid. May be acute or
chronic. Nephrotic and nephritic syndromes are the most prevalent forms. -
✔✔Glomerulonephritis

✔✔Loss of urinary control - ✔✔Urinary Incontinence

✔✔Involuntary urination by a child after 4-5 years of age - ✔✔Enuresis

✔✔Bed-wetting - ✔✔Nocturnal Enuresis

✔✔Urinary incontinence resulting from a temporary condition - ✔✔Transient
Incontinence

✔✔Causes of?: delirium, infection, atrophic vaginitis, use of certain medications,
psychological factors, high urine output, restricted mobility, fecal impaction, alcohol, and
caffeine - ✔✔Transient Incontinence