Renal and Urinary Disorders Exam
practice questions and answers 2026/27
GRADED A+
1. The nurse is analyzing the pediatric client’s serum laboratory report. Based on the
findings, which HCP’s order should the nurse prepare to implement next?
A. Obtain a urine culture.
B. Obtain a blood count (CBC).
C. Obtain a urinalysis.
D. Obtain liver function tests.
ANSWER: C
A. A urine culture would identify the presence of a UTI, is not specific to kidney function, and
would not be indicated at this time.
B. A CBC is not kidney function specific and is not indicated at this time.
, C. The elevated BUN and serum creatinine indicate abnormal kidney function; a UA is an additional
study to further explore kidney function.
D. Liver function tests would not be indicated at this time because they are not specific to kidney
function.
2. The Somali parents bring their 1-year-old child to the ER of a large urban hospital. The
child is lethargic and has bloody urine and blood seeping through a diaper. The child’s
parents do not speak English. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
A. Check the child’s BP.
B. Arrange for an interpreter.
C. Inspect the child’s genitalia.
D. Obtain urine and blood cultures.
ANSWER: B
A. The BP is important to assess perfusion, but the parents may not allow the child to be touched
without first communicating through an interpreter.
B. The nurse should first request an interpreter because parental consent is needed for assessment
and treatment of the child. Most major health care facilities usually have an on-site interpreter
or have. made arrangements for on demand remote video or telephone interpreting services.
C. Although blood seeping through the diaper and the fact that the parents are Somali may lead
the nurse to think about female genital mutilation, there is no information to substantiate this.
The genitalia may need to be inspected, but parental consent is needed first-
D. Blood and urine cultures may need to be obtained to determine if the child has a UTI or is septic
or dehydrated, but an interpreter is needed first to explain the tests to the parents.
3. The nurse is teaching the hospitalized adolescent about collecting a 24—hour urine
sample. The adolescent voids, and the nurse discards the void. The adolescent saves all the
urine voided in the subsequent 24 hours, and the urine is poured in a collection container
that is placed on ice. On the twenty-fourth hour after collection begins, the client voids. What
should the nurse do regarding this urine?
A. Discard the urine.
B. Add it to the urine container.
C. Measure and then discard it.
D. Pour it into a new container.
ANSWER: B
A. If the specimen is discarded, the test would need to be restarted.
B. At the completion of the 24-hour period, the client is asked to void, and the specimen is added
to the container. This would complete the 24-hour urine sample.
C. The final specimen should not be discarded.
D. It would be inappropriate to pour it into a new container unless the other container is full.
, 4. The nurse is preparing the adolescent female client for a renal/bladder ultrasound. Which
explanation is most appropriate?
A. “Do not void before the procedure; a full bladder helps to identify important structures.”
B. “Void immediately before the procedure; a full bladder impairs seeing important structures.”
C. “You will be asked to void during the procedure in order to obtain the best results.”
D. “A urinary catheter will be inserted to ensure that your bladder is empty during the test.”
ANSWER: A
A. A full bladder is important during a renal ultrasound to permit the best visualization of
structures.
B. Voiding before the procedure is not recommended.
C. Voiding during the procedure is not recommended.
D. A urinary catheter would not be inserted because it would empty the bladder and structures
would not be visualized.
5. The nurse is preparing to collect a urine specimen from the female infant. Prioritize the
steps that the nurse should take to apply a urine-collection bag and collect the urine
specimen from a female infant.
A. Check that the bag adheres firmly around the perineal area.
B. Explain the procedure to the parents, prepare supplies, and position the infant.
C. Check the bag frequently and remove as soon as the specimen is available.
D. Carefully replace the diaper.
E. Cleanse and dry the perineum, and apply the adhesive portion of the collection bag.
ANSWER: B, E, A, D, C
B. Explain the procedure to the parents, prepare supplies, and position the infant. Teaching and
gathering supplies should be completed prior to performing the procedure to place the parent and
infant at ease.
E. Cleanse and dry the perineum and apply the adhesive portion of the collection bag. The perineum
needs to be cleansed and dried to ensure that the sample is not contaminated and that the adhesive
sticks to the infant’s skin.
A. Check that the bag adheres firmly around the perineal area. Adherence to skin is necessary to prevent
urine leakage.
D. Carefully replace the diaper. The diaper will help to hold the collection bag in place.
C. Check the bag frequently and remove as soon as the specimen is available. If a too full bag is left in
place, it will begin to leak urine. Urine on the skin can be irritating.
practice questions and answers 2026/27
GRADED A+
1. The nurse is analyzing the pediatric client’s serum laboratory report. Based on the
findings, which HCP’s order should the nurse prepare to implement next?
A. Obtain a urine culture.
B. Obtain a blood count (CBC).
C. Obtain a urinalysis.
D. Obtain liver function tests.
ANSWER: C
A. A urine culture would identify the presence of a UTI, is not specific to kidney function, and
would not be indicated at this time.
B. A CBC is not kidney function specific and is not indicated at this time.
, C. The elevated BUN and serum creatinine indicate abnormal kidney function; a UA is an additional
study to further explore kidney function.
D. Liver function tests would not be indicated at this time because they are not specific to kidney
function.
2. The Somali parents bring their 1-year-old child to the ER of a large urban hospital. The
child is lethargic and has bloody urine and blood seeping through a diaper. The child’s
parents do not speak English. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
A. Check the child’s BP.
B. Arrange for an interpreter.
C. Inspect the child’s genitalia.
D. Obtain urine and blood cultures.
ANSWER: B
A. The BP is important to assess perfusion, but the parents may not allow the child to be touched
without first communicating through an interpreter.
B. The nurse should first request an interpreter because parental consent is needed for assessment
and treatment of the child. Most major health care facilities usually have an on-site interpreter
or have. made arrangements for on demand remote video or telephone interpreting services.
C. Although blood seeping through the diaper and the fact that the parents are Somali may lead
the nurse to think about female genital mutilation, there is no information to substantiate this.
The genitalia may need to be inspected, but parental consent is needed first-
D. Blood and urine cultures may need to be obtained to determine if the child has a UTI or is septic
or dehydrated, but an interpreter is needed first to explain the tests to the parents.
3. The nurse is teaching the hospitalized adolescent about collecting a 24—hour urine
sample. The adolescent voids, and the nurse discards the void. The adolescent saves all the
urine voided in the subsequent 24 hours, and the urine is poured in a collection container
that is placed on ice. On the twenty-fourth hour after collection begins, the client voids. What
should the nurse do regarding this urine?
A. Discard the urine.
B. Add it to the urine container.
C. Measure and then discard it.
D. Pour it into a new container.
ANSWER: B
A. If the specimen is discarded, the test would need to be restarted.
B. At the completion of the 24-hour period, the client is asked to void, and the specimen is added
to the container. This would complete the 24-hour urine sample.
C. The final specimen should not be discarded.
D. It would be inappropriate to pour it into a new container unless the other container is full.
, 4. The nurse is preparing the adolescent female client for a renal/bladder ultrasound. Which
explanation is most appropriate?
A. “Do not void before the procedure; a full bladder helps to identify important structures.”
B. “Void immediately before the procedure; a full bladder impairs seeing important structures.”
C. “You will be asked to void during the procedure in order to obtain the best results.”
D. “A urinary catheter will be inserted to ensure that your bladder is empty during the test.”
ANSWER: A
A. A full bladder is important during a renal ultrasound to permit the best visualization of
structures.
B. Voiding before the procedure is not recommended.
C. Voiding during the procedure is not recommended.
D. A urinary catheter would not be inserted because it would empty the bladder and structures
would not be visualized.
5. The nurse is preparing to collect a urine specimen from the female infant. Prioritize the
steps that the nurse should take to apply a urine-collection bag and collect the urine
specimen from a female infant.
A. Check that the bag adheres firmly around the perineal area.
B. Explain the procedure to the parents, prepare supplies, and position the infant.
C. Check the bag frequently and remove as soon as the specimen is available.
D. Carefully replace the diaper.
E. Cleanse and dry the perineum, and apply the adhesive portion of the collection bag.
ANSWER: B, E, A, D, C
B. Explain the procedure to the parents, prepare supplies, and position the infant. Teaching and
gathering supplies should be completed prior to performing the procedure to place the parent and
infant at ease.
E. Cleanse and dry the perineum and apply the adhesive portion of the collection bag. The perineum
needs to be cleansed and dried to ensure that the sample is not contaminated and that the adhesive
sticks to the infant’s skin.
A. Check that the bag adheres firmly around the perineal area. Adherence to skin is necessary to prevent
urine leakage.
D. Carefully replace the diaper. The diaper will help to hold the collection bag in place.
C. Check the bag frequently and remove as soon as the specimen is available. If a too full bag is left in
place, it will begin to leak urine. Urine on the skin can be irritating.
