SOCIOLOGY 111 UPDATED TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔According to sociologist Robin Williams, we cherish the ideal of ____ for the reason
that Americans believe people are responsible for their own success or failure. Those
who do not succeed have only themselves to blame because of their lack of ability,
laziness, immorality, or other character defects. - ✔✔individualism
✔✔"The Order," a white supremacist group, is opposed to most of the values of the
dominant society and has purchased weapons with the purpose of going after its
enemies. This group can best be described as a _____. - ✔✔counterculture
✔✔_____ are rewards for appropriate behavior or penalties for inappropriate behavior;
or mechanisms for control that enforce norms. - ✔✔Social sanctions
✔✔Values provide ideals of beliefs about behavior but do not state explicitly how we
should behave. _____ are established rules of behavior or standards of conduct based
on cultural expectations. - ✔✔Norms
✔✔Initially, items of ______ begin as raw materials or resources such as ore, trees, and
oil. Through technology, these raw materials are transformed into usable items (ranging
from books and computers to guns and tanks). - ✔✔material culture
✔✔The ______ is the culture of the most powerful group in society. - ✔✔Dominant
culture
✔✔The ______ suggests that language not only expresses our thoughts and
perceptions but also influences our perception of reality. - ✔✔Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
✔✔__________ is the habit of seeing things only from the point of view of one's own
group; the belief that one's own culture or way of life is superior to all others. -
✔✔Ethnocentrism
✔✔Mores are the most formal type of norm. - ✔✔False
✔✔According to sociologist George Herbert Mead, ______ refers to the process by
which a person mentally assumes the role of another person or group in order to
understand the world from that person's or group's point of view - ✔✔role-taking
✔✔Sociologists assert that nature, in the form of our genetic makeup, is a major factor
in shaping human behavior. - ✔✔False
, ✔✔The basic assumption in psychologist Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach is
that human behavior and personality originate from subconscious forces with
individuals. - ✔✔True
✔✔_____ are the persons, groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know in
order to participate in society. - ✔✔Agents of socialization
✔✔_____ is the process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and
behaviors from those in one's background and previous experience. It may be voluntary
or involuntary. - ✔✔Resocialization
✔✔From a ______ perspective, schools are responsible for (1) socialization, or
teaching students to be productive members of society; (2) transmission of culture; (3)
social control and personal development; and (4) the selection, training, and placement
of individuals on different rungs in the society. - ✔✔Functionalist
✔✔Jails and prisons are good examples of total institutions that resocialize involuntarily
as opposed to voluntarily. - ✔✔True
✔✔Sociologist George Herbert Mead stated that _______ others are those persons
whose care, affection, and approval are especially desired and who are most important
in the development of the self. - ✔✔significant
✔✔Each time we experience a change in status (such as becoming a college student or
getting married), we learn a new set of rules, roles, and relationships. Even before we
achieve a new status, we often participate in ______, which is the process by which
knowledge and skills are learned for future roles. - ✔✔anticipatory socialization
✔✔According to sociologist Charles H. Cooley, the ________-- _____ ____ refers to
the way in which a person's sense of self is derived from the perceptions of others. -
✔✔Looking-glass self
✔✔According to sociologist Robert Merton's strain theory, ______ occurs when people
accept culturally-approved goals and pursue them through approved means. -
✔✔conformity
✔✔Sociologist and functionalist, Travis Hirschi's ______ theory suggests that deviance
occurs when a person's (or group's) attachment to social bonds is weakened; where
people internalize social norms because of their attachment to others. - ✔✔social
control
✔✔______ is the systematic study of crime and the criminal justice system, including
the police, courts, and prisons. - ✔✔Criminology
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔According to sociologist Robin Williams, we cherish the ideal of ____ for the reason
that Americans believe people are responsible for their own success or failure. Those
who do not succeed have only themselves to blame because of their lack of ability,
laziness, immorality, or other character defects. - ✔✔individualism
✔✔"The Order," a white supremacist group, is opposed to most of the values of the
dominant society and has purchased weapons with the purpose of going after its
enemies. This group can best be described as a _____. - ✔✔counterculture
✔✔_____ are rewards for appropriate behavior or penalties for inappropriate behavior;
or mechanisms for control that enforce norms. - ✔✔Social sanctions
✔✔Values provide ideals of beliefs about behavior but do not state explicitly how we
should behave. _____ are established rules of behavior or standards of conduct based
on cultural expectations. - ✔✔Norms
✔✔Initially, items of ______ begin as raw materials or resources such as ore, trees, and
oil. Through technology, these raw materials are transformed into usable items (ranging
from books and computers to guns and tanks). - ✔✔material culture
✔✔The ______ is the culture of the most powerful group in society. - ✔✔Dominant
culture
✔✔The ______ suggests that language not only expresses our thoughts and
perceptions but also influences our perception of reality. - ✔✔Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
✔✔__________ is the habit of seeing things only from the point of view of one's own
group; the belief that one's own culture or way of life is superior to all others. -
✔✔Ethnocentrism
✔✔Mores are the most formal type of norm. - ✔✔False
✔✔According to sociologist George Herbert Mead, ______ refers to the process by
which a person mentally assumes the role of another person or group in order to
understand the world from that person's or group's point of view - ✔✔role-taking
✔✔Sociologists assert that nature, in the form of our genetic makeup, is a major factor
in shaping human behavior. - ✔✔False
, ✔✔The basic assumption in psychologist Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach is
that human behavior and personality originate from subconscious forces with
individuals. - ✔✔True
✔✔_____ are the persons, groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know in
order to participate in society. - ✔✔Agents of socialization
✔✔_____ is the process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and
behaviors from those in one's background and previous experience. It may be voluntary
or involuntary. - ✔✔Resocialization
✔✔From a ______ perspective, schools are responsible for (1) socialization, or
teaching students to be productive members of society; (2) transmission of culture; (3)
social control and personal development; and (4) the selection, training, and placement
of individuals on different rungs in the society. - ✔✔Functionalist
✔✔Jails and prisons are good examples of total institutions that resocialize involuntarily
as opposed to voluntarily. - ✔✔True
✔✔Sociologist George Herbert Mead stated that _______ others are those persons
whose care, affection, and approval are especially desired and who are most important
in the development of the self. - ✔✔significant
✔✔Each time we experience a change in status (such as becoming a college student or
getting married), we learn a new set of rules, roles, and relationships. Even before we
achieve a new status, we often participate in ______, which is the process by which
knowledge and skills are learned for future roles. - ✔✔anticipatory socialization
✔✔According to sociologist Charles H. Cooley, the ________-- _____ ____ refers to
the way in which a person's sense of self is derived from the perceptions of others. -
✔✔Looking-glass self
✔✔According to sociologist Robert Merton's strain theory, ______ occurs when people
accept culturally-approved goals and pursue them through approved means. -
✔✔conformity
✔✔Sociologist and functionalist, Travis Hirschi's ______ theory suggests that deviance
occurs when a person's (or group's) attachment to social bonds is weakened; where
people internalize social norms because of their attachment to others. - ✔✔social
control
✔✔______ is the systematic study of crime and the criminal justice system, including
the police, courts, and prisons. - ✔✔Criminology
