SOCIOLOGY 111 UPDATED FINAL PAPER QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔types of methods - ✔✔self-administered questionaires
researcher administered questionnaires
sampling
interviews
ethnography
✔✔sampling - ✔✔The process of selecting representative units from a total population
✔✔probablity sampling - ✔✔members have an equal chance to be part of a sample
✔✔Examples of probability sampling - ✔✔simple random sampling, stratified random
sampling, systematic sampling
✔✔non-probability sampling - ✔✔a sampling technique in which there is no way to
calculate the likelihood that a specific element of the population being studied -will be
chosen
no equal opporunity of being part of a sample
✔✔Examples of non-probability sampling - ✔✔Convenience Sampling
Quota Sampling
cluster
Snowball Sampling
✔✔Research Ethics - ✔✔Standards of conduct that investigators are ethically bound to
honor to protect their research participants from physical or psychological harm.
✔✔peer review - ✔✔A process by which the procedures and results of an experiment
are evaluated by other scientists who are in the same field or who are conducting
similar research.
✔✔Reliability - ✔✔the extent to which a test yields consistent results, can be repeated,
logical
✔✔Validity - ✔✔The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measurea/
accurate representation of real world
✔✔inductive reasoning (sherlock) - ✔✔specific to general
✔✔deductive reasoning (aristotle) - ✔✔general to specific
, ✔✔research design - ✔✔An overall plan for obtaining the information needed to
address a research problem or issue
✔✔literature review - ✔✔a thorough search through previously published studies
relevant to a particular topic
✔✔steps of research design - ✔✔1) question
2) lit review
3) methods/techniques
4) fins sample pop
5) collect data
6 ) analyze
7) evaluate/summarize
✔✔Research Ethics Board (REB) - ✔✔research oversight group that evaluates
research to protect the rights of participants in the study - all studies reviewed
✔✔informed consent - ✔✔an ethical principle that research participants be told enough
to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate
✔✔benefit of voluntary participation - ✔✔avoid coercion
✔✔Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment + problems - ✔✔an experiment in which
people were assigned to be guards or prisoners- studied how drastically behaviors can
change under certain influences
- issues w informed consent
- trauma of participants
- ethical codes not fully established
✔✔Milgram Experiment + problems - ✔✔obedience; electrical shocks to incorrect
answers; learners were paid actors.
- lack of debriefing
- deception + trauma
- no consent
✔✔maccharini case problems - ✔✔institutional ethics avoided
patient-doctor protocols not followed
peer-review ignored
✔✔Age of Enlightenment/Reason - ✔✔more emphasis on freewill and free choice of
religion. people began questioning things and believing in change. Many discoveries,
inventions, wars, revolutions in this ear. Precursor to French and American Revolutions.
Sparked romanticism
fall of monarchies, liberalism, less violent war
AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔types of methods - ✔✔self-administered questionaires
researcher administered questionnaires
sampling
interviews
ethnography
✔✔sampling - ✔✔The process of selecting representative units from a total population
✔✔probablity sampling - ✔✔members have an equal chance to be part of a sample
✔✔Examples of probability sampling - ✔✔simple random sampling, stratified random
sampling, systematic sampling
✔✔non-probability sampling - ✔✔a sampling technique in which there is no way to
calculate the likelihood that a specific element of the population being studied -will be
chosen
no equal opporunity of being part of a sample
✔✔Examples of non-probability sampling - ✔✔Convenience Sampling
Quota Sampling
cluster
Snowball Sampling
✔✔Research Ethics - ✔✔Standards of conduct that investigators are ethically bound to
honor to protect their research participants from physical or psychological harm.
✔✔peer review - ✔✔A process by which the procedures and results of an experiment
are evaluated by other scientists who are in the same field or who are conducting
similar research.
✔✔Reliability - ✔✔the extent to which a test yields consistent results, can be repeated,
logical
✔✔Validity - ✔✔The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measurea/
accurate representation of real world
✔✔inductive reasoning (sherlock) - ✔✔specific to general
✔✔deductive reasoning (aristotle) - ✔✔general to specific
, ✔✔research design - ✔✔An overall plan for obtaining the information needed to
address a research problem or issue
✔✔literature review - ✔✔a thorough search through previously published studies
relevant to a particular topic
✔✔steps of research design - ✔✔1) question
2) lit review
3) methods/techniques
4) fins sample pop
5) collect data
6 ) analyze
7) evaluate/summarize
✔✔Research Ethics Board (REB) - ✔✔research oversight group that evaluates
research to protect the rights of participants in the study - all studies reviewed
✔✔informed consent - ✔✔an ethical principle that research participants be told enough
to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate
✔✔benefit of voluntary participation - ✔✔avoid coercion
✔✔Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment + problems - ✔✔an experiment in which
people were assigned to be guards or prisoners- studied how drastically behaviors can
change under certain influences
- issues w informed consent
- trauma of participants
- ethical codes not fully established
✔✔Milgram Experiment + problems - ✔✔obedience; electrical shocks to incorrect
answers; learners were paid actors.
- lack of debriefing
- deception + trauma
- no consent
✔✔maccharini case problems - ✔✔institutional ethics avoided
patient-doctor protocols not followed
peer-review ignored
✔✔Age of Enlightenment/Reason - ✔✔more emphasis on freewill and free choice of
religion. people began questioning things and believing in change. Many discoveries,
inventions, wars, revolutions in this ear. Precursor to French and American Revolutions.
Sparked romanticism
fall of monarchies, liberalism, less violent war
