PENNSYLVANIA REAL ESTATE FUNDAMENTALS EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
(PASS GUARANTEE) LATEST VERSION 2026
1. What is real property? Land and everything permanently attached to it,
including buildings, fixtures, and natural resources.
2. What are the physical characteristics of land? Immobility,
indestructibility, and uniqueness (non-homogeneity).
3. What are the economic characteristics of land? Scarcity, improvements,
permanence of investment, and area preference (situs).
4. What is the difference between real property and personal property?
Real property is land and permanent attachments; personal property is movable
items not permanently attached.
5. What is a fixture? Personal property that has become permanently attached
to real property.
6. What are the tests to determine if an item is a fixture? Method of
attachment, adaptation to the property, relationship of the parties, intention of
the parties, and agreement between parties.
7. What is a trade fixture? An item installed by a tenant for business purposes
that remains personal property and can be removed.
8. What is theBundle of Rights? The rights of ownership including possession,
control, enjoyment, exclusion, and disposition.
9. What is fee simple absolute? The highest form of ownership with complete
rights and no limitations on inheritability.
10. What is a life estate? An estate limited in duration to the life of the owner
or another named person.
,11. Who is the life tenant? The person who holds the life estate and has the
right to use the property during their lifetime.
12. Who is the remainderman? The person who will receive the property after
the life estate ends.
13. What is a reversionary interest? When property returns to the original
grantor after a life estate ends.
14. What is escheat? The reversion of property to the state when an owner dies
without a will and no heirs.
15. What is eminent domain? The government's right to take private property
for public use with just compensation.
16. What is condemnation? The legal process through which eminent domain
is exercised.
17. What is police power? The government's right to regulate property for the
protection of public health, safety, and welfare.
18. What is taxation? The government's right to levy taxes on real property to
fund public services.
19. What are encumbrances? Claims, liens, or liabilities that affect the title or
use of property.
20. What is an easement? A right to use another person's land for a specific
purpose.
21. What is an easement appurtenant? An easement that benefits one parcel
of land (dominant tenement) and burdens another (servient tenement).
22. What is an easement in gross? An easement that benefits an individual or
entity rather than a specific parcel of land.
23. How is an easement by necessity created? When a property becomes
landlocked and requires access across another's property.
24. What is an easement by prescription? An easement created by
continuous, open, and hostile use for the statutory period (21 years in PA).
25. What is a license? A personal, revocable privilege to use another's land.
, 26. What is an encroachment? An unauthorized intrusion of a structure or
improvement onto another's property.
27. What is a lien? A claim against property as security for a debt.
28. What is a general lien? A lien that attaches to all property owned by the
debtor.
29. What is a specific lien? A lien that attaches only to a particular property.
30. What is a mechanic's lien? A lien filed by contractors or suppliers for
unpaid work or materials.
31. What is a voluntary lien? A lien created by the property owner's action,
such as a mortgage.
32. What is an involuntary lien? A lien imposed without the owner's consent,
such as a tax lien.
33. What is lien priority? The order in which liens are paid from proceeds of a
property sale.
34. Which lien generally has first priority? Real estate tax liens.
35. What is tenancy in common? Co-ownership where each owner has an
undivided interest that can be unequal and is inheritable.
36. What is joint tenancy? Co-ownership with equal interests and right of
survivorship.
37. What are the four unities required for joint tenancy? Time, title, interest,
and possession.
38. What is tenancy by the entirety? Co-ownership available only to married
couples with right of survivorship.
39. What is severalty ownership? Ownership by one person or entity alone.
40. What is a condominium? Individual ownership of a unit plus shared
ownership of common areas.
SECTION 2: LAND USE CONTROLS AND REGULATIONS (Questions
41-70)
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
(PASS GUARANTEE) LATEST VERSION 2026
1. What is real property? Land and everything permanently attached to it,
including buildings, fixtures, and natural resources.
2. What are the physical characteristics of land? Immobility,
indestructibility, and uniqueness (non-homogeneity).
3. What are the economic characteristics of land? Scarcity, improvements,
permanence of investment, and area preference (situs).
4. What is the difference between real property and personal property?
Real property is land and permanent attachments; personal property is movable
items not permanently attached.
5. What is a fixture? Personal property that has become permanently attached
to real property.
6. What are the tests to determine if an item is a fixture? Method of
attachment, adaptation to the property, relationship of the parties, intention of
the parties, and agreement between parties.
7. What is a trade fixture? An item installed by a tenant for business purposes
that remains personal property and can be removed.
8. What is theBundle of Rights? The rights of ownership including possession,
control, enjoyment, exclusion, and disposition.
9. What is fee simple absolute? The highest form of ownership with complete
rights and no limitations on inheritability.
10. What is a life estate? An estate limited in duration to the life of the owner
or another named person.
,11. Who is the life tenant? The person who holds the life estate and has the
right to use the property during their lifetime.
12. Who is the remainderman? The person who will receive the property after
the life estate ends.
13. What is a reversionary interest? When property returns to the original
grantor after a life estate ends.
14. What is escheat? The reversion of property to the state when an owner dies
without a will and no heirs.
15. What is eminent domain? The government's right to take private property
for public use with just compensation.
16. What is condemnation? The legal process through which eminent domain
is exercised.
17. What is police power? The government's right to regulate property for the
protection of public health, safety, and welfare.
18. What is taxation? The government's right to levy taxes on real property to
fund public services.
19. What are encumbrances? Claims, liens, or liabilities that affect the title or
use of property.
20. What is an easement? A right to use another person's land for a specific
purpose.
21. What is an easement appurtenant? An easement that benefits one parcel
of land (dominant tenement) and burdens another (servient tenement).
22. What is an easement in gross? An easement that benefits an individual or
entity rather than a specific parcel of land.
23. How is an easement by necessity created? When a property becomes
landlocked and requires access across another's property.
24. What is an easement by prescription? An easement created by
continuous, open, and hostile use for the statutory period (21 years in PA).
25. What is a license? A personal, revocable privilege to use another's land.
, 26. What is an encroachment? An unauthorized intrusion of a structure or
improvement onto another's property.
27. What is a lien? A claim against property as security for a debt.
28. What is a general lien? A lien that attaches to all property owned by the
debtor.
29. What is a specific lien? A lien that attaches only to a particular property.
30. What is a mechanic's lien? A lien filed by contractors or suppliers for
unpaid work or materials.
31. What is a voluntary lien? A lien created by the property owner's action,
such as a mortgage.
32. What is an involuntary lien? A lien imposed without the owner's consent,
such as a tax lien.
33. What is lien priority? The order in which liens are paid from proceeds of a
property sale.
34. Which lien generally has first priority? Real estate tax liens.
35. What is tenancy in common? Co-ownership where each owner has an
undivided interest that can be unequal and is inheritable.
36. What is joint tenancy? Co-ownership with equal interests and right of
survivorship.
37. What are the four unities required for joint tenancy? Time, title, interest,
and possession.
38. What is tenancy by the entirety? Co-ownership available only to married
couples with right of survivorship.
39. What is severalty ownership? Ownership by one person or entity alone.
40. What is a condominium? Individual ownership of a unit plus shared
ownership of common areas.
SECTION 2: LAND USE CONTROLS AND REGULATIONS (Questions
41-70)
