NUR 370 – Exam 4 Q&A (200+ Questions) – GI Disorders, Liver Disease, Renal, Endocrine, Reproductive

This expertly structured study guide for NUR 370 Exam 4 contains over 200 verified questions and answers, providing in-depth coverage of gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, renal, endocrine, and reproductive pathophysiology and pharmacology. Tailored for BSN and ABSN nursing students, this high-yield Q&A format strengthens clinical reasoning and reinforces nursing care priorities for both exams and real-world application. GI content includes pathophysiology and treatment of GERD, vomiting, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, and different types of diarrhea (inflammatory, non-inflammatory, chronic, factitious). Drug mechanisms and uses for laxatives, antidiarrheals, antacids, H2 antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors are explained with clear clinical applications. The hepatobiliary section covers major liver diseases including alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, NAFLD, portal hypertension, and associated labs (e.g., ALT, AST), as well as client education and treatment approaches like paracentesis. Renal topics include chronic kidney disease (CKD), its risk factors (diabetes, HTN, SLE), symptoms (GFR 60 for 3+ months, anemia, fluid imbalance), and diet management. Nephron function, electrolyte regulation (K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺), and renal hormone roles (RAAS, erythropoietin) are clearly outlined. Endocrine system content spans: Thyroid and parathyroid disorders (hypo-/hyperthyroidism, myxedema, Graves' disease, thyroid storm, PTH imbalances) Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 & 2, including glucose regulation, hypoglycemia, insulin and oral hypoglycemics (sulfonylureas, biguanides) Hormonal regulation by the HPA axis, hypothalamus, pituitary, and associated feedback loops Reproductive system coverage includes: Male and female anatomy and physiology Menstrual cycle regulation (FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone) Common menstrual irregularities (amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, polymenorrhea) BPH and erectile dysfunction (with PDE5 inhibitors and 5-alpha-reductase agents) Hormonal contraceptives and menopause treatments including contraindications and interactions (e.g., with smoking, antibiotics, St. John’s Wort) Best for students in: BSN/ABSN programs studying Med-Surg Nursing, Endocrine, Renal, Reproductive, or GI Systems Preparing for NUR 370 Exam 4, course finals, or NCLEX Seeking a clinically relevant and concept-integrated Q&A resource This document helps learners grasp key disease processes, drug actions, and patient management strategies through clear clinical context, pathophysiology, pharmacology, and priority nursing care. Keywords: GERD, cirrhosis, liver enzymes, portal hypertension, CKD, nephron, electrolyte balance, thyroid disorders, hypothyroidism, diabetes management, reproductive system, hormone regulation, menstrual cycle, erectile dysfunction, GI pharmacology, NUR 370