APEA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM PREP
2026/2027 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED
ANSWERS |CURRENTLY TESTING
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS|NEWEST |JUST
RELEASED!!|BRAND NEW VERSION
Which of the following ECG changes is NOT specific to episodes of angina?
ST segment elevation
Premature ventricular contractions
T-wave inversion
Q waves
Premature ventricular contractions
Which one of the following conditions is an acute, febrile, immune-mediated disease
characterized by vasculitis leading to coronary artery aneurysm?
Measles
Epstein Barr infection
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Kawasaki syndrome
Kawasaki syndrome
Sick sinus syndrome is describe as the:
failure of the SA node to discharge
junction fibers in the AV node joining with the bundle of HIs
AV node pacing when the SA node fails to initiate impulse
destruction of the SA node and changes in the nerves and ganglia
destruction of the SA node and changes in the nerves and ganglia
1|Page
,Which peptide hormone causes vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure?
norepinephrine
epinephrine
angiotensin
vasopressin
angiotensin
increased venous return to the heart leads to:
increased neurohumoral mechanisms
increased stroke volume
decreased central venous pressure
decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
increased stroke volume
The systemic disease that occurs secondary to untreated Strep throat is:
Rheumatic fever
meningitis
mononucleosis
tonsilitis
rheumatic fever
A birth defect characterized by a hole in the septum that separates that two upper chambers of
the heart is:
ventricular septal defect
patent ductus arteriosus
atrial septal defect
tetralogy of Fallot
atrial septal defect
2|Page
,In right heart failure due to right ventricular dysfunction:
systemic venous pressure decreases
systemic venous pressure is not affected
systemic venous pressure increases
systemic venous pressure can be increased or decreased
systemic venous pressure increases
When alpha receptors are stimulated, what primary physiologic response is expected?
blood pressure decreases
blood pressure increases
heart rate decreases
heart rate increases
blood pressure increases
Cardiac preload is defined as the:
Amount of vascular resistance that must be overcome on ventricular contraction
Pressure exerted on the atria during filling
Volume of blood in the atria at the end of diastole
Decreased volume of blood in the ventricles during systole
Volume of blood in the atria at the end of diastole
Atherosclerotic plaques can cause:
thrombosis
neuropathy
calcium deposits
varicose veins
thrombosis
Which of the following congenital heart defects causes increased pulmonary blood flow?
Tetralogy of Fallot
3|Page
, Atrial septal defect
Tricuspid atresia
Truncus arteriosus
Atrial septal defect
In a patient with patent ductus arteriosus, where is the murmur best heard?
localized at the left clavicle
apex of the heart
right sternal border
radiating to the axilla
localized at the left clavicle
a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease has been associated with aggressive control of:
sodium
potassium
triglycerides
LDLs
LDLs
which of the following may be seen in patients with acute coronary syndrome?
resting angina lasting less than 10 minutes in duration
new onset angina that markedly limits physical activity
intermittent pleuritic chest pain that occurs with movement
chest pain that occurs at least once a week for 6 weeks
new onset angina that markedly limits physical activity
In a patient with atrial septal defect, split heart sounds are due to:
left-to-right shunting of blood
systolic overload of the left ventricle
4|Page
2026/2027 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED
ANSWERS |CURRENTLY TESTING
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS|NEWEST |JUST
RELEASED!!|BRAND NEW VERSION
Which of the following ECG changes is NOT specific to episodes of angina?
ST segment elevation
Premature ventricular contractions
T-wave inversion
Q waves
Premature ventricular contractions
Which one of the following conditions is an acute, febrile, immune-mediated disease
characterized by vasculitis leading to coronary artery aneurysm?
Measles
Epstein Barr infection
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Kawasaki syndrome
Kawasaki syndrome
Sick sinus syndrome is describe as the:
failure of the SA node to discharge
junction fibers in the AV node joining with the bundle of HIs
AV node pacing when the SA node fails to initiate impulse
destruction of the SA node and changes in the nerves and ganglia
destruction of the SA node and changes in the nerves and ganglia
1|Page
,Which peptide hormone causes vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure?
norepinephrine
epinephrine
angiotensin
vasopressin
angiotensin
increased venous return to the heart leads to:
increased neurohumoral mechanisms
increased stroke volume
decreased central venous pressure
decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
increased stroke volume
The systemic disease that occurs secondary to untreated Strep throat is:
Rheumatic fever
meningitis
mononucleosis
tonsilitis
rheumatic fever
A birth defect characterized by a hole in the septum that separates that two upper chambers of
the heart is:
ventricular septal defect
patent ductus arteriosus
atrial septal defect
tetralogy of Fallot
atrial septal defect
2|Page
,In right heart failure due to right ventricular dysfunction:
systemic venous pressure decreases
systemic venous pressure is not affected
systemic venous pressure increases
systemic venous pressure can be increased or decreased
systemic venous pressure increases
When alpha receptors are stimulated, what primary physiologic response is expected?
blood pressure decreases
blood pressure increases
heart rate decreases
heart rate increases
blood pressure increases
Cardiac preload is defined as the:
Amount of vascular resistance that must be overcome on ventricular contraction
Pressure exerted on the atria during filling
Volume of blood in the atria at the end of diastole
Decreased volume of blood in the ventricles during systole
Volume of blood in the atria at the end of diastole
Atherosclerotic plaques can cause:
thrombosis
neuropathy
calcium deposits
varicose veins
thrombosis
Which of the following congenital heart defects causes increased pulmonary blood flow?
Tetralogy of Fallot
3|Page
, Atrial septal defect
Tricuspid atresia
Truncus arteriosus
Atrial septal defect
In a patient with patent ductus arteriosus, where is the murmur best heard?
localized at the left clavicle
apex of the heart
right sternal border
radiating to the axilla
localized at the left clavicle
a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease has been associated with aggressive control of:
sodium
potassium
triglycerides
LDLs
LDLs
which of the following may be seen in patients with acute coronary syndrome?
resting angina lasting less than 10 minutes in duration
new onset angina that markedly limits physical activity
intermittent pleuritic chest pain that occurs with movement
chest pain that occurs at least once a week for 6 weeks
new onset angina that markedly limits physical activity
In a patient with atrial septal defect, split heart sounds are due to:
left-to-right shunting of blood
systolic overload of the left ventricle
4|Page
