APEA Pathophysiology Exam Preparation
Newest 2026-2027 With Complete Questions And
Correct Detailed Answers| Brand New Version
Which one of the following is NOT present in tetralogy of Fallot?
Patent ductus arteriosus
Ventricular hypertrophy
Pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect - ANSWER-Patent ductus arteriosus
WILL have VSD, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and
overriding aorta
A mother states that her young child has been squatting after exertion
and is easily fatigued. The NP suspects:
aortic stenosis
tetralogy of Fallot
atrial septal defect
patent ductus arteriosus - ANSWER-tetralogy of Fallot
1|Page
,The heart sound that is NOT auscultated in a patient with aortic stenosis
is:
narrowing split S2
right sternal border thrill
Grade III harsh murmur
S3 gallop - ANSWER-S3 gallop
Elevated troponin levels are present in:
unstable angina
NSTEMI
uncontrolled hypertension
heart failure - ANSWER-NSTEMI
A common symptom of a congenital heart defect is:
jugular venous distension
hypertension
central cyanosis
atrial fibrillation - ANSWER-Central cyanosis
congenital heart defects affect oxygen supply due to deformities of
blood flow between heart and lungs & throughout the body, causing
symptoms of cyanosis
2|Page
,Diastole:
occurs at the end of the cardiac cycle
is the highest pressure in the aorta during relaxation
is the minimum arterial pressures exerted during relation and dilation of
the ventricles
is the peak pressure that occurs when the ventricles contract -
ANSWER-is the minimum arterial pressures exerted during relation and
dilation of the ventricles
Hypertension is NOT caused by changes in:
heart rate
stroke volume
cardiac output
vascular relaxation - ANSWER-vascular relaxation
A variant angina characterized by transient reduction in the luminal
diameter within the coronary artery and consistent with ST elevation is:
Classic angina
Stable angina
Prinzmetal's angina
Unstable angina - ANSWER-Prinzmetal's angina
3|Page
, When atrial fibrillation terminates within 7 days of onset, it is classified
as:
longstanding persistent
permanent
paroxysmal
nonvalvular - ANSWER-paroxysmal
Which heart condition includes both a systolic and diastolic timed
murmur?
pulmonic stenosis
aortic regurgitation
mitral stenosis
tricuspid regurgitation - ANSWER-tricuspid regurgitation
Which one of the following is the cardiac rhythm described as
prolongation of the QT interval?
Atrial flutter
Ventricular tachycardia
Torsades de pointes
Third-degree AV block - ANSWER-Torsades de pointes
4|Page
Newest 2026-2027 With Complete Questions And
Correct Detailed Answers| Brand New Version
Which one of the following is NOT present in tetralogy of Fallot?
Patent ductus arteriosus
Ventricular hypertrophy
Pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect - ANSWER-Patent ductus arteriosus
WILL have VSD, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and
overriding aorta
A mother states that her young child has been squatting after exertion
and is easily fatigued. The NP suspects:
aortic stenosis
tetralogy of Fallot
atrial septal defect
patent ductus arteriosus - ANSWER-tetralogy of Fallot
1|Page
,The heart sound that is NOT auscultated in a patient with aortic stenosis
is:
narrowing split S2
right sternal border thrill
Grade III harsh murmur
S3 gallop - ANSWER-S3 gallop
Elevated troponin levels are present in:
unstable angina
NSTEMI
uncontrolled hypertension
heart failure - ANSWER-NSTEMI
A common symptom of a congenital heart defect is:
jugular venous distension
hypertension
central cyanosis
atrial fibrillation - ANSWER-Central cyanosis
congenital heart defects affect oxygen supply due to deformities of
blood flow between heart and lungs & throughout the body, causing
symptoms of cyanosis
2|Page
,Diastole:
occurs at the end of the cardiac cycle
is the highest pressure in the aorta during relaxation
is the minimum arterial pressures exerted during relation and dilation of
the ventricles
is the peak pressure that occurs when the ventricles contract -
ANSWER-is the minimum arterial pressures exerted during relation and
dilation of the ventricles
Hypertension is NOT caused by changes in:
heart rate
stroke volume
cardiac output
vascular relaxation - ANSWER-vascular relaxation
A variant angina characterized by transient reduction in the luminal
diameter within the coronary artery and consistent with ST elevation is:
Classic angina
Stable angina
Prinzmetal's angina
Unstable angina - ANSWER-Prinzmetal's angina
3|Page
, When atrial fibrillation terminates within 7 days of onset, it is classified
as:
longstanding persistent
permanent
paroxysmal
nonvalvular - ANSWER-paroxysmal
Which heart condition includes both a systolic and diastolic timed
murmur?
pulmonic stenosis
aortic regurgitation
mitral stenosis
tricuspid regurgitation - ANSWER-tricuspid regurgitation
Which one of the following is the cardiac rhythm described as
prolongation of the QT interval?
Atrial flutter
Ventricular tachycardia
Torsades de pointes
Third-degree AV block - ANSWER-Torsades de pointes
4|Page
