GNRS 578 Ch 9: Abnormalities in Body
Height and Proportion || All Solutions Are
Accurate. Latest Accurate Update (2026)
Hypopituitary Dwarfism- Correct Ans>>Deficiency in growth hormone in childhood results in
retardation of growth below the 3rd percentile, delayed puberty, hypothyroidism, and adrenal
insufficiency.
Gigantism- Correct Ans>>Excessive secretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary
results in overgrowth of the entire body. When this occurs during childhood before closure of
bone epiphyses, it causes increased height (here 2.09 m, or 6 ft 9 in), as well as increased weight
and delayed sexual development
Acromegaly (Hyperpituitarism)- Correct Ans>>Excessive secretion of growth hormone in
adulthood after normal completion of body growth causes overgrowth of bone in face, head,
hands, and feet but no change in height. Internal organs also enlarge (e.g., cardiomegaly), and
metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes mellitus) may be present.
Achondroplastic Dwarfism- Correct Ans>>A genetic disorder in converting cartilage to bone
results in normal trunk size, short arms and legs, and short stature. It is characterized by a
relatively large head with frontal bossing; midface hypoplasia (small); and often thoracic
kyphosis, prominent lumbar lordosis, and abdominal protrusion. The mean adult height in men
is about 131.5 cm (4 ft 4 in) and in women about 125 cm (4 ft 1 in).
Anorexia Nervosa- Correct Ans>>This serious mental health disorder is characterized by severe
and life-threatening weight loss in an otherwise healthy person. Behavior is characterized by
fanatic concern about weight, aversion to food, distorted body image (perceives self as fat
despite skeletal appearance), starvation diets, frenetic exercise patterns, and striving for
perfection.
, Endogenous Obesity—Cushing Syndrome- Correct Ans>>Either administration of
adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) or excessive production of ACTH by the pituitary stimulates the
adrenal cortex to secrete excess cortisol. Characterized by weight gain and edema with central
trunk and cervical obesity (buffalo hump) and round, plethoric face (moon face). Excessive
catabolism causes muscle wasting; weakness; thin arms and legs; reduced height; and thin,
fragile skin with purple abdominal striae, bruising, and acne.
Marfan Syndrome- Correct Ans>>This inherited connective tissue disorder is characterized by
tall, thin stature (≥95th percentile), arachnodactyly (long, thin fingers), hyperextensible joints,
arm span greater than height, pubis-to-sole measurement exceeding crown-to-pubis
measurement, sternal deformity (note pectus excavatum), high-arched narrow palate, narrow
face, and pes planus (flat feet). Early morbidity and mortality occur as a result of cardiovascular
complications such as mitral regurgitation and aortic dissection.
Bell Palsy- Correct Ans>>A lower motor neuron lesion (peripheral), producing rapid onset of
cranial nerve VII paralysis of facial muscles; almost always unilateral. This may be a reactivation
of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) latent since childhood. Note complete paralysis of one-half of
the face; person cannot wrinkle forehead, raise eyebrow, close eyelid, whistle, or show teeth on
the left side.
Stroke- Correct Ans>>An upper motor neuron lesion (central). An acute neurologic deficit
caused by blood clot of a cerebral vessel, as in atherosclerosis (ischemic stroke), or a rupture in
a cerebral vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). If you suspect a stroke, ask if the person can smile. Note
paralysis of the lower facial muscles but also note that the upper half of face is not affected
because of the intact nerve from the unaffected hemisphere.
Parkinson Syndrome- Correct Ans>>A deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine and
degeneration of the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia in the brain. The immobility of features
produces a face that is flat and expressionless, "masklike," with elevated eyebrows, staring gaze,
oily skin, and drooling.
Height and Proportion || All Solutions Are
Accurate. Latest Accurate Update (2026)
Hypopituitary Dwarfism- Correct Ans>>Deficiency in growth hormone in childhood results in
retardation of growth below the 3rd percentile, delayed puberty, hypothyroidism, and adrenal
insufficiency.
Gigantism- Correct Ans>>Excessive secretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary
results in overgrowth of the entire body. When this occurs during childhood before closure of
bone epiphyses, it causes increased height (here 2.09 m, or 6 ft 9 in), as well as increased weight
and delayed sexual development
Acromegaly (Hyperpituitarism)- Correct Ans>>Excessive secretion of growth hormone in
adulthood after normal completion of body growth causes overgrowth of bone in face, head,
hands, and feet but no change in height. Internal organs also enlarge (e.g., cardiomegaly), and
metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes mellitus) may be present.
Achondroplastic Dwarfism- Correct Ans>>A genetic disorder in converting cartilage to bone
results in normal trunk size, short arms and legs, and short stature. It is characterized by a
relatively large head with frontal bossing; midface hypoplasia (small); and often thoracic
kyphosis, prominent lumbar lordosis, and abdominal protrusion. The mean adult height in men
is about 131.5 cm (4 ft 4 in) and in women about 125 cm (4 ft 1 in).
Anorexia Nervosa- Correct Ans>>This serious mental health disorder is characterized by severe
and life-threatening weight loss in an otherwise healthy person. Behavior is characterized by
fanatic concern about weight, aversion to food, distorted body image (perceives self as fat
despite skeletal appearance), starvation diets, frenetic exercise patterns, and striving for
perfection.
, Endogenous Obesity—Cushing Syndrome- Correct Ans>>Either administration of
adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) or excessive production of ACTH by the pituitary stimulates the
adrenal cortex to secrete excess cortisol. Characterized by weight gain and edema with central
trunk and cervical obesity (buffalo hump) and round, plethoric face (moon face). Excessive
catabolism causes muscle wasting; weakness; thin arms and legs; reduced height; and thin,
fragile skin with purple abdominal striae, bruising, and acne.
Marfan Syndrome- Correct Ans>>This inherited connective tissue disorder is characterized by
tall, thin stature (≥95th percentile), arachnodactyly (long, thin fingers), hyperextensible joints,
arm span greater than height, pubis-to-sole measurement exceeding crown-to-pubis
measurement, sternal deformity (note pectus excavatum), high-arched narrow palate, narrow
face, and pes planus (flat feet). Early morbidity and mortality occur as a result of cardiovascular
complications such as mitral regurgitation and aortic dissection.
Bell Palsy- Correct Ans>>A lower motor neuron lesion (peripheral), producing rapid onset of
cranial nerve VII paralysis of facial muscles; almost always unilateral. This may be a reactivation
of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) latent since childhood. Note complete paralysis of one-half of
the face; person cannot wrinkle forehead, raise eyebrow, close eyelid, whistle, or show teeth on
the left side.
Stroke- Correct Ans>>An upper motor neuron lesion (central). An acute neurologic deficit
caused by blood clot of a cerebral vessel, as in atherosclerosis (ischemic stroke), or a rupture in
a cerebral vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). If you suspect a stroke, ask if the person can smile. Note
paralysis of the lower facial muscles but also note that the upper half of face is not affected
because of the intact nerve from the unaffected hemisphere.
Parkinson Syndrome- Correct Ans>>A deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine and
degeneration of the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia in the brain. The immobility of features
produces a face that is flat and expressionless, "masklike," with elevated eyebrows, staring gaze,
oily skin, and drooling.
