Fresenius Exam Questions Answers
2026
What is an exposure incident? - ANSWER-A blood/body fluid splash or spray occurring
to the eyes, nose or mouth or to non-intact skin. A contaminated sharps injury is also
considered an exposure incident.
What steps should you take during an exposure incident? - ANSWER-1. Wash/rinse the
area
2. Report incident to the clinical manager or charge nurse (if CM not present)
3. Seek medical treatment w/in 1-2 hrs (exposure tx and counseling)
4.OSHA documentation and workman's comp documentation as applies
Why are Hep B patients dialyzed in isolation rooms? - ANSWER--Hep B is extremely
contagious
-It can live outside the body for up to 7 days
Why are Hep C patients dialyzed in the clinic area and not in isolation? - ANSWER--
Hep C is not as contagious as Hep B
-It does not survive very long on the outside of the body
What blood test indicates infection with Hep B? - ANSWER-HbsAg is the test for the
Hep B antigen. This indicates actual viral presence.
Which blood test indicates the presence of immunity against Hep B? - ANSWER-HbsAb
is the test for the antibodies. It indicates the presence of immunity against Hepatitis B.
Which vaccine provides long-term immunity to Hep B? - ANSWER-Multiple injections of
either Recombivax or Engerix vaccine. They help produce Hep B antibodies
How is TB spread? - ANSWER-Airborne droplets from infected individuals
How do you prevent TB in the clinic? - ANSWER-Active TB patients cannot dialyze in
clinics. Pt must have 3 consecutive negative sputum cultures before the can return
dialyzing in clinic.
What are VRE & MRSA? - ANSWER-VRE: a group of gram-negative bacteria that lve in
he intestinal tract that can cause infection anywhere in the body. They are resistant to
several antibiotics. VRE can survive outside of the body on surfaces for as long as
seven days.
MRSA: different varieties staph bacteria. They are normally found on the skin or in the
nose of about 1/3 of people. When a person is infected they are resistant to antibiotics
commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections. MRSA can survive outside the body
for as long as 7 days.
, What bleach solution must all surfaces be cleaned with? - ANSWER-1:100
What bleach solution is used to disinfect large blood spills? - ANSWER-1:10
What is aseptic technique? - ANSWER-A set of practices and procedures performed
under carefully controlled conditions with the goal of minimizing contamination by
pathogens.
List three blood borne pathogens that may be found in a dialysis unit? - ANSWER-Hep
B, Hep C & HIV
What precautions do you take while caring for a MRSA/VRE patient? - ANSWER-They
do not need isolation but should be seated in the same area as others infected. Proper
designated PPE should be worn specifically for those patients. HANDWASHING only
40-60 seconds. They need to have their own bp cuff, stethoscope, tourniquet etc. Open
wounds/ dressing should never be changed in the clinic. CVC dressings should be
disposed of in sharp container.
What are the anatomical structures of the urnary system in order of urine flow? -
ANSWER-1. 2 Kidneys
2. 2 Ureters
3. Bladder
4. Urethra
What are the functions of a healthy kidney? - ANSWER--remove waste
-remove fluids
-regulate pH
-regulate electrolytes
What are the hormonal functions of the kidneys? - ANSWER--release renin to help
regulate or control BP, potassium and sodium
-production of erythropoietin: stimulates RBC production
-regulation of calcium/phosphorus balance through activation of Vitamin D
What is the nephron and what is its function? - ANSWER-It is the functional unit of the
kidney. It filters blood from the urine.
What is the glomerulus and what is its function? - ANSWER-It is at the beginning of the
nephron, it's a network of capillaries that performs the first step of filtering the blood. It
filters water and solutes into Bowman's capsule.
What two functions of healthy kidneys can be replaced by dialysis? - ANSWER--fluid
removal
-cleaning of wastes
2026
What is an exposure incident? - ANSWER-A blood/body fluid splash or spray occurring
to the eyes, nose or mouth or to non-intact skin. A contaminated sharps injury is also
considered an exposure incident.
What steps should you take during an exposure incident? - ANSWER-1. Wash/rinse the
area
2. Report incident to the clinical manager or charge nurse (if CM not present)
3. Seek medical treatment w/in 1-2 hrs (exposure tx and counseling)
4.OSHA documentation and workman's comp documentation as applies
Why are Hep B patients dialyzed in isolation rooms? - ANSWER--Hep B is extremely
contagious
-It can live outside the body for up to 7 days
Why are Hep C patients dialyzed in the clinic area and not in isolation? - ANSWER--
Hep C is not as contagious as Hep B
-It does not survive very long on the outside of the body
What blood test indicates infection with Hep B? - ANSWER-HbsAg is the test for the
Hep B antigen. This indicates actual viral presence.
Which blood test indicates the presence of immunity against Hep B? - ANSWER-HbsAb
is the test for the antibodies. It indicates the presence of immunity against Hepatitis B.
Which vaccine provides long-term immunity to Hep B? - ANSWER-Multiple injections of
either Recombivax or Engerix vaccine. They help produce Hep B antibodies
How is TB spread? - ANSWER-Airborne droplets from infected individuals
How do you prevent TB in the clinic? - ANSWER-Active TB patients cannot dialyze in
clinics. Pt must have 3 consecutive negative sputum cultures before the can return
dialyzing in clinic.
What are VRE & MRSA? - ANSWER-VRE: a group of gram-negative bacteria that lve in
he intestinal tract that can cause infection anywhere in the body. They are resistant to
several antibiotics. VRE can survive outside of the body on surfaces for as long as
seven days.
MRSA: different varieties staph bacteria. They are normally found on the skin or in the
nose of about 1/3 of people. When a person is infected they are resistant to antibiotics
commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections. MRSA can survive outside the body
for as long as 7 days.
, What bleach solution must all surfaces be cleaned with? - ANSWER-1:100
What bleach solution is used to disinfect large blood spills? - ANSWER-1:10
What is aseptic technique? - ANSWER-A set of practices and procedures performed
under carefully controlled conditions with the goal of minimizing contamination by
pathogens.
List three blood borne pathogens that may be found in a dialysis unit? - ANSWER-Hep
B, Hep C & HIV
What precautions do you take while caring for a MRSA/VRE patient? - ANSWER-They
do not need isolation but should be seated in the same area as others infected. Proper
designated PPE should be worn specifically for those patients. HANDWASHING only
40-60 seconds. They need to have their own bp cuff, stethoscope, tourniquet etc. Open
wounds/ dressing should never be changed in the clinic. CVC dressings should be
disposed of in sharp container.
What are the anatomical structures of the urnary system in order of urine flow? -
ANSWER-1. 2 Kidneys
2. 2 Ureters
3. Bladder
4. Urethra
What are the functions of a healthy kidney? - ANSWER--remove waste
-remove fluids
-regulate pH
-regulate electrolytes
What are the hormonal functions of the kidneys? - ANSWER--release renin to help
regulate or control BP, potassium and sodium
-production of erythropoietin: stimulates RBC production
-regulation of calcium/phosphorus balance through activation of Vitamin D
What is the nephron and what is its function? - ANSWER-It is the functional unit of the
kidney. It filters blood from the urine.
What is the glomerulus and what is its function? - ANSWER-It is at the beginning of the
nephron, it's a network of capillaries that performs the first step of filtering the blood. It
filters water and solutes into Bowman's capsule.
What two functions of healthy kidneys can be replaced by dialysis? - ANSWER--fluid
removal
-cleaning of wastes
