CLEP Human Growth and Development
REA Practice Exam 1 Questions And
100% Verified Answers| Latest 2026
Update| Graded A+
Freud believed that the primary driving force in an individual's life was
A. the superego
B. psychosexual development
C. libido
D. bodily functions
E. domination - Correct Answer -(C)
Freud believed that the primary driving force in an individual's life is the sexual
urge (the libido). His theory of motivational development was particularly
concerned with sexual gratification, as it changed in relation to the child's body.
His theory of the personality structure (the id, ego, and superego) also deals with
the sexual urge. The ego has to channel the libido into behaviors that are
acceptable to the superego and fit within the constraints of the outer world.
,Which approach to psychology stresses the importance of the person's
environment on development?
A. Psychodynamic
B. Humanistic
C. Behavioristic
D. Cognitive
E. Psychobiological - Correct Answer -(C)
The behaviorist approach to psychology stresses the control that the environment
has on development. In this view, behavior is shaped by reinforcement and
punishment. It is argued that environmental stimuli control behavior.
Suppose you believe that people are capable of developing personally throughout
life and that, given the opportunity, they will achieve their full potential. Which
approach to personality does this describe?
A. Humanistic
,B. Cognitive
C. Psychodynamic
D. Behavioristic
E. Social learning - Correct Answer -(A)
The humanistic approach, as exemplified by the work of Rogers, stresses the
process of self-actualization. The cognitive approach stresses the construction of
meaning, interpretations, and beliefs. The Freudian psychodynamic approach
stresses unconscious conflicts. The behaviorist approach, as seen in Skinner's
writings, stresses environmental stimulus control of behavior. Lastly, Bandura's
social learning theory stresses the importance of modeling and vicarious
reinforcement.
Ivan P. Pavlov is famous for his research on
A. teaching machines
B. perceptual learning
C. forward conditioning
, D. classical conditioning
E. backward conditioning - Correct Answer -(D)
Ivan P. Pavlov (1849-1936) virtually discovered the phenomenon of classical
conditioning and was the first to investigate it systematically. In Pavlov's
experiments with the salivating response of his dogs, he established the basic
methodology and terminology still used today in classical conditioning
experiments. Pavlov referred to food as the unconditional stimulus (UCS) because
it naturally and consistently elicited salivation, which he called the unconditioned
response (UCR). Pavlov later taught dogs to salivate to a bell. This was
accomplished by presenting the bell just prior to presenting the food. After a
series of such pairings, the dogs would salivate in response to the bell. In this case,
the bell was a conditioned stimulus (CS) and the salivation in response to the bell
was a conditioned response (CR). Hence, Pavlov's research elucidated the process
of classical conditioning.
The role of imitation in social learning was first systematically observed by
A. I. Pavlov
B. Bandura and Walters
C. Stanley Milgram
REA Practice Exam 1 Questions And
100% Verified Answers| Latest 2026
Update| Graded A+
Freud believed that the primary driving force in an individual's life was
A. the superego
B. psychosexual development
C. libido
D. bodily functions
E. domination - Correct Answer -(C)
Freud believed that the primary driving force in an individual's life is the sexual
urge (the libido). His theory of motivational development was particularly
concerned with sexual gratification, as it changed in relation to the child's body.
His theory of the personality structure (the id, ego, and superego) also deals with
the sexual urge. The ego has to channel the libido into behaviors that are
acceptable to the superego and fit within the constraints of the outer world.
,Which approach to psychology stresses the importance of the person's
environment on development?
A. Psychodynamic
B. Humanistic
C. Behavioristic
D. Cognitive
E. Psychobiological - Correct Answer -(C)
The behaviorist approach to psychology stresses the control that the environment
has on development. In this view, behavior is shaped by reinforcement and
punishment. It is argued that environmental stimuli control behavior.
Suppose you believe that people are capable of developing personally throughout
life and that, given the opportunity, they will achieve their full potential. Which
approach to personality does this describe?
A. Humanistic
,B. Cognitive
C. Psychodynamic
D. Behavioristic
E. Social learning - Correct Answer -(A)
The humanistic approach, as exemplified by the work of Rogers, stresses the
process of self-actualization. The cognitive approach stresses the construction of
meaning, interpretations, and beliefs. The Freudian psychodynamic approach
stresses unconscious conflicts. The behaviorist approach, as seen in Skinner's
writings, stresses environmental stimulus control of behavior. Lastly, Bandura's
social learning theory stresses the importance of modeling and vicarious
reinforcement.
Ivan P. Pavlov is famous for his research on
A. teaching machines
B. perceptual learning
C. forward conditioning
, D. classical conditioning
E. backward conditioning - Correct Answer -(D)
Ivan P. Pavlov (1849-1936) virtually discovered the phenomenon of classical
conditioning and was the first to investigate it systematically. In Pavlov's
experiments with the salivating response of his dogs, he established the basic
methodology and terminology still used today in classical conditioning
experiments. Pavlov referred to food as the unconditional stimulus (UCS) because
it naturally and consistently elicited salivation, which he called the unconditioned
response (UCR). Pavlov later taught dogs to salivate to a bell. This was
accomplished by presenting the bell just prior to presenting the food. After a
series of such pairings, the dogs would salivate in response to the bell. In this case,
the bell was a conditioned stimulus (CS) and the salivation in response to the bell
was a conditioned response (CR). Hence, Pavlov's research elucidated the process
of classical conditioning.
The role of imitation in social learning was first systematically observed by
A. I. Pavlov
B. Bandura and Walters
C. Stanley Milgram
