NUR280 PRACTICE SET 2026 FULL SOLUTION
◉ Kidney Functions. Answer: Excretory Function:
Concentrate urine
Rid body of waste products like urea, uric acid, creatinine, glucose,
and drug metabolites
Acid-Base Balance:
Excrete/reabsorb H+ ions and bicarbonate as needed
Secretory Function:
Renin(blood pressure and fluid volume), erythropoietin (red blood
cell production)
Blood Pressure Control
Activates the RAAS
Reabsorbs water and sodium/excretes potassium
Vitamin D Synthesis/Calcium Balance
Glucose Homeostasis:
Renal threshold to reabsorb glucose is 180mg/dL
,Kidneys degrade insulin
Help with gluconeogenesis.
◉ Alterations in kidney function will impair:. Answer: Acid/base
balance
blood pressure regulation
RBC formation: anemia
Drug metabolism
Hormone metabolism
Vitamin D synthesis: bone disorders
Glucose homeostasis: sugar at 180 kidneys try to filter off sugar
◉ Renin Controls..... Answer: blood pressure
◉ Erythropoietin controls..... Answer: RBC production
, ◉ Kidneys receive _________ of cardiac output.. Answer: 20%
◉ nephron. Answer: functional unit of the kidney
◉ Glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Answer: The amount filtrated by
kidneys per minute
Normal:90-120ml per minute
GFR tanks when kidneys stop working
Dehydrated causes GFR to decrease
◉ By age 70 GFR is.... Answer: 70 ml per minute
◉ Kidney Discfunction Conseqeunces. Answer: ● Insufficient
Filtration
● Urine not concentrated
● Toxin buildup leading to destruction of blood cells
● Neurological: confusion
● Excess renin secreted, raising BP
● Decreased erythropoietin, decreasing RBC's
● Acid-base balance not maintained
◉ Kidney Functions. Answer: Excretory Function:
Concentrate urine
Rid body of waste products like urea, uric acid, creatinine, glucose,
and drug metabolites
Acid-Base Balance:
Excrete/reabsorb H+ ions and bicarbonate as needed
Secretory Function:
Renin(blood pressure and fluid volume), erythropoietin (red blood
cell production)
Blood Pressure Control
Activates the RAAS
Reabsorbs water and sodium/excretes potassium
Vitamin D Synthesis/Calcium Balance
Glucose Homeostasis:
Renal threshold to reabsorb glucose is 180mg/dL
,Kidneys degrade insulin
Help with gluconeogenesis.
◉ Alterations in kidney function will impair:. Answer: Acid/base
balance
blood pressure regulation
RBC formation: anemia
Drug metabolism
Hormone metabolism
Vitamin D synthesis: bone disorders
Glucose homeostasis: sugar at 180 kidneys try to filter off sugar
◉ Renin Controls..... Answer: blood pressure
◉ Erythropoietin controls..... Answer: RBC production
, ◉ Kidneys receive _________ of cardiac output.. Answer: 20%
◉ nephron. Answer: functional unit of the kidney
◉ Glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Answer: The amount filtrated by
kidneys per minute
Normal:90-120ml per minute
GFR tanks when kidneys stop working
Dehydrated causes GFR to decrease
◉ By age 70 GFR is.... Answer: 70 ml per minute
◉ Kidney Discfunction Conseqeunces. Answer: ● Insufficient
Filtration
● Urine not concentrated
● Toxin buildup leading to destruction of blood cells
● Neurological: confusion
● Excess renin secreted, raising BP
● Decreased erythropoietin, decreasing RBC's
● Acid-base balance not maintained
