Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
(Vol.1 & Vol.2)
22nd Edition
• Author(s)Joseph Loscalzo; Anthony S.
Fauci; Dennis L. Kasper; Stephen Hauser;
Dan Longo; J. Larry Jameson
Test Bank
Foundational Principles of Nursing and Medical Practice
1. The primary goal of "The Practice of Medicine," as a
foundational chapter, is to establish a framework for:
A. Memorizing disease-specific treatment protocols.
B. Applying scientific knowledge with clinical judgment and
compassion for optimal patient care.
C. Mastering every procedural skill used in internal medicine.
D. Prioritizing cost-effective care above all other
considerations.
Answer: B. Applying scientific knowledge with clinical
judgment and compassion for optimal patient care.
Rationale: The practice of medicine integrates applied
pathophysiology and clinical reasoning with a patient-
,centered approach, forming the core professional foundation
described in the text.
2. A core nursing responsibility aligned with promoting good
health is:
A. Administering medications only as prescribed.
B. Providing patient education on lifestyle modifications for
disease prevention and wellness.
C. Delegating all health teaching to the dietitian or physical
therapist.
D. Focusing care solely on the treatment of acute illness.
Answer: B. Providing patient education on lifestyle
modifications for disease prevention and wellness.
Rationale: Health promotion and disease prevention are
essential components of comprehensive nursing care and a
key theme in foundational medical education.
3. When a patient expresses hesitancy about a recommended
vaccine, the nurse's most appropriate initial action is to:
A. Document the refusal and move on to other tasks.
B. Explain that the science is settled and they should comply.
C. Explore the patient's specific concerns and knowledge in a
non-judgmental manner.
D. Immediately notify the provider that the patient is refusing
care.
Answer: C. Explore the patient's specific concerns and
knowledge in a non-judgmental manner.
Rationale: Effective communication to understand the
,roots of hesitancy is the first step in addressing it, aligning
with patient-centered care principles discussed in Harrison's.
4. In shared decision-making, the nurse's primary role is to:
A. Make the best clinical recommendation for the patient.
B. Ensure the patient signs the informed consent form.
C. Act as a liaison to clarify information and assess the
patient's understanding and values.
D. Defer all decision-making conversations to the physician.
Answer: C. Act as a liaison to clarify information and
assess the patient's understanding and values.
Rationale: The nurse facilitates communication, ensures
comprehension, and supports the patient's autonomous role
in the decision-making process, a key aspect of modern clinical
ethics.
5. A key nursing implication of precision medicine is:
A. All patients with the same diagnosis will receive identical
treatment.
B. Patient education must include discussions about genetic
information and tailored therapies.
C. Nursing assessments become less critical as treatment is
determined by genetics.
D. It only applies to oncology and not other medical
specialties.
Answer: B. Patient education must include discussions
about genetic information and tailored therapies.
Rationale: Precision medicine involves therapies based on
, individual variability, requiring nurses to provide education on
novel, personalized treatment plans and their implications.
6. An ethical principle that must be balanced when
implementing a new screening program is:
A. Justice (fair allocation of resources) and Non-maleficence
(avoiding harm from false positives).
B. Fidelity and Veracity.
C. Paternalism and Utility.
D. Autonomy and Confidentiality only.
Answer: A. Justice (fair allocation of resources) and Non-
maleficence (avoiding harm from false positives).
Rationale: Screening principles require weighing
population benefits against potential harms like overdiagnosis
and ensuring equitable access, core to ethical clinical practice.
7. A nurse contributing to a culture of safety on a medical-
surgical unit should:
A. Report errors only if they result in patient harm.
B. Use incident reporting systems for near-misses and actively
participate in root-cause analyses.
C. Discuss medication errors privately with the involved
colleague to avoid embarrassment.
D. Assume that safety is primarily the responsibility of hospital
administration.
Answer: B. Use incident reporting systems for near-misses
and actively participate in root-cause analyses.
Rationale: A just culture that encourages reporting and
(Vol.1 & Vol.2)
22nd Edition
• Author(s)Joseph Loscalzo; Anthony S.
Fauci; Dennis L. Kasper; Stephen Hauser;
Dan Longo; J. Larry Jameson
Test Bank
Foundational Principles of Nursing and Medical Practice
1. The primary goal of "The Practice of Medicine," as a
foundational chapter, is to establish a framework for:
A. Memorizing disease-specific treatment protocols.
B. Applying scientific knowledge with clinical judgment and
compassion for optimal patient care.
C. Mastering every procedural skill used in internal medicine.
D. Prioritizing cost-effective care above all other
considerations.
Answer: B. Applying scientific knowledge with clinical
judgment and compassion for optimal patient care.
Rationale: The practice of medicine integrates applied
pathophysiology and clinical reasoning with a patient-
,centered approach, forming the core professional foundation
described in the text.
2. A core nursing responsibility aligned with promoting good
health is:
A. Administering medications only as prescribed.
B. Providing patient education on lifestyle modifications for
disease prevention and wellness.
C. Delegating all health teaching to the dietitian or physical
therapist.
D. Focusing care solely on the treatment of acute illness.
Answer: B. Providing patient education on lifestyle
modifications for disease prevention and wellness.
Rationale: Health promotion and disease prevention are
essential components of comprehensive nursing care and a
key theme in foundational medical education.
3. When a patient expresses hesitancy about a recommended
vaccine, the nurse's most appropriate initial action is to:
A. Document the refusal and move on to other tasks.
B. Explain that the science is settled and they should comply.
C. Explore the patient's specific concerns and knowledge in a
non-judgmental manner.
D. Immediately notify the provider that the patient is refusing
care.
Answer: C. Explore the patient's specific concerns and
knowledge in a non-judgmental manner.
Rationale: Effective communication to understand the
,roots of hesitancy is the first step in addressing it, aligning
with patient-centered care principles discussed in Harrison's.
4. In shared decision-making, the nurse's primary role is to:
A. Make the best clinical recommendation for the patient.
B. Ensure the patient signs the informed consent form.
C. Act as a liaison to clarify information and assess the
patient's understanding and values.
D. Defer all decision-making conversations to the physician.
Answer: C. Act as a liaison to clarify information and
assess the patient's understanding and values.
Rationale: The nurse facilitates communication, ensures
comprehension, and supports the patient's autonomous role
in the decision-making process, a key aspect of modern clinical
ethics.
5. A key nursing implication of precision medicine is:
A. All patients with the same diagnosis will receive identical
treatment.
B. Patient education must include discussions about genetic
information and tailored therapies.
C. Nursing assessments become less critical as treatment is
determined by genetics.
D. It only applies to oncology and not other medical
specialties.
Answer: B. Patient education must include discussions
about genetic information and tailored therapies.
Rationale: Precision medicine involves therapies based on
, individual variability, requiring nurses to provide education on
novel, personalized treatment plans and their implications.
6. An ethical principle that must be balanced when
implementing a new screening program is:
A. Justice (fair allocation of resources) and Non-maleficence
(avoiding harm from false positives).
B. Fidelity and Veracity.
C. Paternalism and Utility.
D. Autonomy and Confidentiality only.
Answer: A. Justice (fair allocation of resources) and Non-
maleficence (avoiding harm from false positives).
Rationale: Screening principles require weighing
population benefits against potential harms like overdiagnosis
and ensuring equitable access, core to ethical clinical practice.
7. A nurse contributing to a culture of safety on a medical-
surgical unit should:
A. Report errors only if they result in patient harm.
B. Use incident reporting systems for near-misses and actively
participate in root-cause analyses.
C. Discuss medication errors privately with the involved
colleague to avoid embarrassment.
D. Assume that safety is primarily the responsibility of hospital
administration.
Answer: B. Use incident reporting systems for near-misses
and actively participate in root-cause analyses.
Rationale: A just culture that encourages reporting and
