MDC 2356
CLIENT CENTERED CARE
[RASMUSSEN UNIVERSITY]
EXAM 1
,CLIENT CENTERED CARE- CARING FOR A CLIENT AS A WHOLE, CONSIDERING
THEIR CULTURE, BELIEFS, VALUES, INCLUDING THEM AND THEIR FAMILY IN ALL
PARTS OF THEIR CARE. THE PATIENT FEELS SAFE, FREE FROM ANXIETY, PATIENT IS
COMFORTABLE, MORE HOLISTIC APPROACH.
Terms to know
▪ QSEN-Quality, Safety, and Education in Nursing
▪ CLABSI- Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection
▪ CAUTI’s- Catheter Associated UTI
▪ RACE- Rescue, press the Alarm, contain the fire/close doors, and extinguish only small,
contained area
▪ PASS- Pull the PIN, aim at base of fire, Squeeze handle, Sweep side to side at the base
▪ ISBAR- Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation communication
▪ STEPPS- Strategies, Tools, Enhance, Patterns, Patient, Safety
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow (1968) theorized that a person could not meet the needs of love and belonging and self-
esteem without meeting basic physiological needs (Taylor, Lillis, Lynn & LeMone, 2015). Florence
Nightingale modified the environment of care to meet the basic care and comfort needs of the men injured
during the Crimean war. Miss Nightingale is known as the first nurse researcher and epidemiologist in our
field.
The focus of the next four modules is on the physiological, safety, and security needs of the client for
basic care and comfort.
Self-Actualization (5TH LEVEL)
▪ The need for self-actualization is met when the person reaches maximum potential and acts in an
unselfish manner.
Esteem (4TH LEVEL)
▪ Self-esteem needs are met when a person feels a sense of accomplishment and are recognized by
others for that achievement
Safety and security (3RD LEVEL)
▪ Safety and security needs mean freedom from physical harm and feelings of fear and anxiety.
Love and belonging (2ND LEVEL)
▪ Love and belonging needs are met when the person seeks personal relationships with others.
Physiological (1st level) this level is priority
▪ Basic physiological needs include those needs that are essential for maintenance of life.
Basic needs consist of:
• Air
• Food / Nutrition
• Water
• Temperature
• Elimination
• Rest / Sleep- Effects: caffeine, anxiety, location, pain, noise
• Sexuality
, • Physical Activity / Mobility Assessment
• Safety and Security
1. Protection from physical harm- falls easily preventable injuries
2. Adequate Shelter- providing resources
3. Freedom from fear and anxiety- Fear normally associates with comfort / Pain from an
illness.
Comfort- State of physical well-being, pleasure, and absence of pain or stress. Issues with
comfortability can delay healing.
Risk factors Associated with Comfort include :
Physical-Pain, Nausea, Vomiting or more Emotional- Anxiety, Depression, Stress
Physiological Consequences Affecting rest/comfort:
Immune system imbalance, Obesity, Depression, Stress, Diabetes
Interventions:
▪ Assessment: Assess level of comfort, Assess pain level, Identify emotional
status, Determine the underlying cause
▪ Interventions to Prevent & Promote: Maintain a proper pain level, address any emotional
stress, Ensure the patient is well-rested by creating a restful environment (clean linen, dark quiet
room, etc.), Promote relaxation techniques (back rubs, guided imagery, etc.) Avoid caffeine,
smoking and alcohol at bedtime. As this could making it harder for the patient to get
restless, provide a snack before bedtime instead of eating a large meal.
▪ Interventions for Maintenance (follow-up measures): Identify comfort
level, implement treatment based on the need, Involve the interdisciplinary team (Social worker,
case manager, counselor, etc.)
Pain
Many consider pain the fifth vital sign.
Vital signs are increased with pain
A pain assessment plays a role in the client’s rest and comfort needs and in the area of anxiety, fear,
depression, related to illness recovery.
Nonverbal signs of pain: Grimacing, guarding, verbalization, and holding or touching the affected
Verbal descriptive words of pain: mild, sharp, dull, aching, constant, and intermittent.
Complications associated with pain: Fear, Anxiey, Depression,
Delayed recovery and healing
Listed below are the different types of pain.
• Cutaneous pain: burning-of skin subcutaneous tissue
• Idiopathic: Pain without a cause or reason
• Visceral pain: deep internal menstrual cramps, labor pains, or gastrointestinal infections.
• Deep Somatic pain: fractures or sprains.
• Radiating pain: Starts at an origin but extends to other locations. Example: pain from a sore
throat might extend to ears and head.
• Referred pain: Occurs in an area distant from the site of origin. Example: pain from a heart
attack might be felt in the left arm or jaw.
• Phantom pain: Pain from an amputated limb.
CLIENT CENTERED CARE
[RASMUSSEN UNIVERSITY]
EXAM 1
,CLIENT CENTERED CARE- CARING FOR A CLIENT AS A WHOLE, CONSIDERING
THEIR CULTURE, BELIEFS, VALUES, INCLUDING THEM AND THEIR FAMILY IN ALL
PARTS OF THEIR CARE. THE PATIENT FEELS SAFE, FREE FROM ANXIETY, PATIENT IS
COMFORTABLE, MORE HOLISTIC APPROACH.
Terms to know
▪ QSEN-Quality, Safety, and Education in Nursing
▪ CLABSI- Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection
▪ CAUTI’s- Catheter Associated UTI
▪ RACE- Rescue, press the Alarm, contain the fire/close doors, and extinguish only small,
contained area
▪ PASS- Pull the PIN, aim at base of fire, Squeeze handle, Sweep side to side at the base
▪ ISBAR- Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation communication
▪ STEPPS- Strategies, Tools, Enhance, Patterns, Patient, Safety
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow (1968) theorized that a person could not meet the needs of love and belonging and self-
esteem without meeting basic physiological needs (Taylor, Lillis, Lynn & LeMone, 2015). Florence
Nightingale modified the environment of care to meet the basic care and comfort needs of the men injured
during the Crimean war. Miss Nightingale is known as the first nurse researcher and epidemiologist in our
field.
The focus of the next four modules is on the physiological, safety, and security needs of the client for
basic care and comfort.
Self-Actualization (5TH LEVEL)
▪ The need for self-actualization is met when the person reaches maximum potential and acts in an
unselfish manner.
Esteem (4TH LEVEL)
▪ Self-esteem needs are met when a person feels a sense of accomplishment and are recognized by
others for that achievement
Safety and security (3RD LEVEL)
▪ Safety and security needs mean freedom from physical harm and feelings of fear and anxiety.
Love and belonging (2ND LEVEL)
▪ Love and belonging needs are met when the person seeks personal relationships with others.
Physiological (1st level) this level is priority
▪ Basic physiological needs include those needs that are essential for maintenance of life.
Basic needs consist of:
• Air
• Food / Nutrition
• Water
• Temperature
• Elimination
• Rest / Sleep- Effects: caffeine, anxiety, location, pain, noise
• Sexuality
, • Physical Activity / Mobility Assessment
• Safety and Security
1. Protection from physical harm- falls easily preventable injuries
2. Adequate Shelter- providing resources
3. Freedom from fear and anxiety- Fear normally associates with comfort / Pain from an
illness.
Comfort- State of physical well-being, pleasure, and absence of pain or stress. Issues with
comfortability can delay healing.
Risk factors Associated with Comfort include :
Physical-Pain, Nausea, Vomiting or more Emotional- Anxiety, Depression, Stress
Physiological Consequences Affecting rest/comfort:
Immune system imbalance, Obesity, Depression, Stress, Diabetes
Interventions:
▪ Assessment: Assess level of comfort, Assess pain level, Identify emotional
status, Determine the underlying cause
▪ Interventions to Prevent & Promote: Maintain a proper pain level, address any emotional
stress, Ensure the patient is well-rested by creating a restful environment (clean linen, dark quiet
room, etc.), Promote relaxation techniques (back rubs, guided imagery, etc.) Avoid caffeine,
smoking and alcohol at bedtime. As this could making it harder for the patient to get
restless, provide a snack before bedtime instead of eating a large meal.
▪ Interventions for Maintenance (follow-up measures): Identify comfort
level, implement treatment based on the need, Involve the interdisciplinary team (Social worker,
case manager, counselor, etc.)
Pain
Many consider pain the fifth vital sign.
Vital signs are increased with pain
A pain assessment plays a role in the client’s rest and comfort needs and in the area of anxiety, fear,
depression, related to illness recovery.
Nonverbal signs of pain: Grimacing, guarding, verbalization, and holding or touching the affected
Verbal descriptive words of pain: mild, sharp, dull, aching, constant, and intermittent.
Complications associated with pain: Fear, Anxiey, Depression,
Delayed recovery and healing
Listed below are the different types of pain.
• Cutaneous pain: burning-of skin subcutaneous tissue
• Idiopathic: Pain without a cause or reason
• Visceral pain: deep internal menstrual cramps, labor pains, or gastrointestinal infections.
• Deep Somatic pain: fractures or sprains.
• Radiating pain: Starts at an origin but extends to other locations. Example: pain from a sore
throat might extend to ears and head.
• Referred pain: Occurs in an area distant from the site of origin. Example: pain from a heart
attack might be felt in the left arm or jaw.
• Phantom pain: Pain from an amputated limb.
