BIOL 2260 Midterm 2 Fungi and Lichen – Questions
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Terms in this set (208)
Club fungi The Club Fungi, or Basidiomycetes, are one of the
commonly recognized groups of true fungi, and form
a monophyletic group of fungi. This group includes
the mushrooms and toadstools, as well as shelf fungi,
coral fungi, jelly fungi, stink horns, rusts, smuts, earth
stars, and fairy rings. These fungi are major
decomposers of plant leaf litter in moist and forested
systems, especially with their ability to decompose
the lignin in wood. They are found in practically every
terrestrial ecosystem, as well as freshwater and
marine habitats.
Sexual spores Produced by meiosis on basidia
Karyogamy Fusion of 2 haploid nuclei to form a diploid cell
Plasmogamy Fusion of 2 protoplasts
Meiosis Production of haploid cells
Basidia A club shaped spore bearing structure produced by
Basidiomycetes
Homobasidiomycetes/Homobasidium basidia are not divided into compartments by walls
(septae). In these types of basidia karyogamy
(nuclear fusion) & meiosis are completed in a
common space within the basidium such that the
haploid products are in the same container
,Heterobasidiomycetes/Heterobasidiu karyogamy is accomplished in a common space but
m (Phragmobasidium) as meiosis proceeds walls (septations = septae)
appear along the metaphase plate and the haploid
products occupy separate walled-off portions of the
basidium
Monokaryotic hyphae/Monomitic Hyphae with one nucleus per cell
hyphae
Dikaryotic hyphae/Dimitic hyphae hyphae with two nuclei per cell
True fungi heterotrophic (feeding on others) organisms with cell
walls containing the chemical constituent chitin. True
Fungi include Basidiomycota, Ascomycota,
Zygomycota & Chytridiomycota, though genetic
analysis has resulted in recognition of many more
sub-groups of Fungi
Chitin Heterotrophic (feed on others) organisms with cell
walls contain Chitin. Chitin is a nitrogen which
contains carbohydrates
Homobasidia/Phragmobasidia 1. Heterobasidium is a basidium with prominent
(Heterobasidia) hypobasidial and epibasidial parts. Hypobasidial part
is a remnant of probasidium where karyogamy took
place. Epibasidial part is the so-called metabasidium,
the sprout where postmeiotic nuclei are expanded
through mitosis. Heterobasidium can be non septate
(i.e. holobasidium) or septate (phragmobasidium).
Septation appeared on metabsidial stage. An
example of non-septated heterobasidia are
dacrymycetoid forked basidia, tulasnelloid basidia
bearing 4 epibasidia. 2. Homobasidium is a basidium
where hypobasidial and epibasidial parts are weakly
differentiated. The reason is elimination of
probasidium stage - zygote is divided without any
dormant period. All homobasidia are holobasidia, i.e.
are devoid of septation. Only adventive septa can be
occured within collapsed homobasidia.
, Septae The hyphae of most fungi are divided into cells by
internal walls called septa (or septum)
Basidia/Basidiomycota form four spores, one from each nucleus
Nuclei/Spores Basidiomycota have mature basidia with four nuclei,
each nuclei produces a spore
Sterigma In some fungi, it is a spore-bearing projection from a
cell.
Tuning fork basidium Two long sterigmata coming from a single cell
(typically in the genus Dacrymycetes or also called
Jelly Fungi)
Heterobasidiomycetes Tremella is a member of the Heterobasidiomycetes &
so is the corn smut genus, Ustilago, seen in the
center top of the slide
Chiastobasidium It is the cutting across the heterobasidium that makes
it a chiastobasidium type. Chiasto or Chism = Cross
Stichobasidium Parallel longitudinal septae (separate)
Hymenium/Subhymenium/gill trama hymenium (fertile layer) is seen basidia bearing
basidiospores on projections called sterigma. The
sub-hymenium lays alongside the base of the basidia.
Internal to the sub-hymenium is the gill trama (non-
fertile cells)
Cystidia/Paraphyses Cystidia provides moisture, basidia and gill
separation and paraphyses separate and support
basidia
Basidia/Sterigma/Basidiospores basidia bearing basidiospores on projections called
sterigma
With Indepth Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (208)
Club fungi The Club Fungi, or Basidiomycetes, are one of the
commonly recognized groups of true fungi, and form
a monophyletic group of fungi. This group includes
the mushrooms and toadstools, as well as shelf fungi,
coral fungi, jelly fungi, stink horns, rusts, smuts, earth
stars, and fairy rings. These fungi are major
decomposers of plant leaf litter in moist and forested
systems, especially with their ability to decompose
the lignin in wood. They are found in practically every
terrestrial ecosystem, as well as freshwater and
marine habitats.
Sexual spores Produced by meiosis on basidia
Karyogamy Fusion of 2 haploid nuclei to form a diploid cell
Plasmogamy Fusion of 2 protoplasts
Meiosis Production of haploid cells
Basidia A club shaped spore bearing structure produced by
Basidiomycetes
Homobasidiomycetes/Homobasidium basidia are not divided into compartments by walls
(septae). In these types of basidia karyogamy
(nuclear fusion) & meiosis are completed in a
common space within the basidium such that the
haploid products are in the same container
,Heterobasidiomycetes/Heterobasidiu karyogamy is accomplished in a common space but
m (Phragmobasidium) as meiosis proceeds walls (septations = septae)
appear along the metaphase plate and the haploid
products occupy separate walled-off portions of the
basidium
Monokaryotic hyphae/Monomitic Hyphae with one nucleus per cell
hyphae
Dikaryotic hyphae/Dimitic hyphae hyphae with two nuclei per cell
True fungi heterotrophic (feeding on others) organisms with cell
walls containing the chemical constituent chitin. True
Fungi include Basidiomycota, Ascomycota,
Zygomycota & Chytridiomycota, though genetic
analysis has resulted in recognition of many more
sub-groups of Fungi
Chitin Heterotrophic (feed on others) organisms with cell
walls contain Chitin. Chitin is a nitrogen which
contains carbohydrates
Homobasidia/Phragmobasidia 1. Heterobasidium is a basidium with prominent
(Heterobasidia) hypobasidial and epibasidial parts. Hypobasidial part
is a remnant of probasidium where karyogamy took
place. Epibasidial part is the so-called metabasidium,
the sprout where postmeiotic nuclei are expanded
through mitosis. Heterobasidium can be non septate
(i.e. holobasidium) or septate (phragmobasidium).
Septation appeared on metabsidial stage. An
example of non-septated heterobasidia are
dacrymycetoid forked basidia, tulasnelloid basidia
bearing 4 epibasidia. 2. Homobasidium is a basidium
where hypobasidial and epibasidial parts are weakly
differentiated. The reason is elimination of
probasidium stage - zygote is divided without any
dormant period. All homobasidia are holobasidia, i.e.
are devoid of septation. Only adventive septa can be
occured within collapsed homobasidia.
, Septae The hyphae of most fungi are divided into cells by
internal walls called septa (or septum)
Basidia/Basidiomycota form four spores, one from each nucleus
Nuclei/Spores Basidiomycota have mature basidia with four nuclei,
each nuclei produces a spore
Sterigma In some fungi, it is a spore-bearing projection from a
cell.
Tuning fork basidium Two long sterigmata coming from a single cell
(typically in the genus Dacrymycetes or also called
Jelly Fungi)
Heterobasidiomycetes Tremella is a member of the Heterobasidiomycetes &
so is the corn smut genus, Ustilago, seen in the
center top of the slide
Chiastobasidium It is the cutting across the heterobasidium that makes
it a chiastobasidium type. Chiasto or Chism = Cross
Stichobasidium Parallel longitudinal septae (separate)
Hymenium/Subhymenium/gill trama hymenium (fertile layer) is seen basidia bearing
basidiospores on projections called sterigma. The
sub-hymenium lays alongside the base of the basidia.
Internal to the sub-hymenium is the gill trama (non-
fertile cells)
Cystidia/Paraphyses Cystidia provides moisture, basidia and gill
separation and paraphyses separate and support
basidia
Basidia/Sterigma/Basidiospores basidia bearing basidiospores on projections called
sterigma
