CARDIOVASCULAR ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY
DISEASE AND DISORDERS EXAM REVIEW
TESTED QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
SOLUTIONS FOR GUARANTEED PASS
◉Which coronary artery is most commonly associated with
"widowmaker" infarctions and why? . Answer: Left anterior descending
artery - due to its supply to the interventricular septum and anterior LV
wall
◉Which heart layer is continuous with the inner layer of the serous
pericardium? . Answer: Epicardium
◉Which heart wall layer is responsible for generating electrical
conduction pathways? . Answer: endocardium
◉Baroreceptor activation due to elevated blood pressure leads to: .
Answer: Decreased heart rate and vasodilation
◉What is the function of the semilunar valves? . Answer: Prevent blood
from flowing backward from arteries into the ventricles
, ◉Which region of the heart is at greatest risk of ischemia? . Answer:
Subendocardium of the left ventricle
◉According to the Frank-Starling law, increasing end diastolic volume
(EDV) leads to: . Answer: Stronger ventricular contraction
◉Increased preload will most directly enhance: . Answer: Stroke volume
(via Frank-Starling mechanism)
◉What is a typical ejection fraction in a healthy adult? . Answer: 50-
65%
◉In which layer would you expect to find the coronary vessels,
autonomic nerve fibers, and lymphatics? . Answer: epicardium
◉Coronary perfusion primarily occurs during which phase of the cardiac
cycle, and why? . Answer: Diastole, due to aortic recoil and reduced
ventricular compression
◉The pulmonary artery is the only artery in the body that carries
deoxygenated blood. . Answer: true
◉Low potassium levels can lead to an increased heart rate and
arrhythmias. . Answer: true
DISEASE AND DISORDERS EXAM REVIEW
TESTED QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
SOLUTIONS FOR GUARANTEED PASS
◉Which coronary artery is most commonly associated with
"widowmaker" infarctions and why? . Answer: Left anterior descending
artery - due to its supply to the interventricular septum and anterior LV
wall
◉Which heart layer is continuous with the inner layer of the serous
pericardium? . Answer: Epicardium
◉Which heart wall layer is responsible for generating electrical
conduction pathways? . Answer: endocardium
◉Baroreceptor activation due to elevated blood pressure leads to: .
Answer: Decreased heart rate and vasodilation
◉What is the function of the semilunar valves? . Answer: Prevent blood
from flowing backward from arteries into the ventricles
, ◉Which region of the heart is at greatest risk of ischemia? . Answer:
Subendocardium of the left ventricle
◉According to the Frank-Starling law, increasing end diastolic volume
(EDV) leads to: . Answer: Stronger ventricular contraction
◉Increased preload will most directly enhance: . Answer: Stroke volume
(via Frank-Starling mechanism)
◉What is a typical ejection fraction in a healthy adult? . Answer: 50-
65%
◉In which layer would you expect to find the coronary vessels,
autonomic nerve fibers, and lymphatics? . Answer: epicardium
◉Coronary perfusion primarily occurs during which phase of the cardiac
cycle, and why? . Answer: Diastole, due to aortic recoil and reduced
ventricular compression
◉The pulmonary artery is the only artery in the body that carries
deoxygenated blood. . Answer: true
◉Low potassium levels can lead to an increased heart rate and
arrhythmias. . Answer: true
