CALP EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH FULL EXPLANATIONS
◉ syntax. Answer: arrangement and sequence of words in sentences,
clauses, and phrases; set of principles that dictate sequence and
function in order to convey meaning ( G.U.M.)
◉ voiced/unvoiced cognates. Answer: phonemes pronounce din the
same place of the mouth but vary in voicing /k/ /g/
◉ phonology. Answer: sound system of a language; science of speech
sounds;the study of peach sound system, rules and patterns of
speech; unconscious rules and patterns of spoken language (sad vs
sank)
◉ suprasegmental. Answer: aspects of language ( intonations, pitch,
juncture, speaking rate) supersize
◉ occipital cortex. Answer: vision; receives information first
◉ Old English. Answer: Began when Angles, Saxons, Jutes arrived in
England. Language of Vikings; Old Norse and Latin also influenced;
Teutonic invasion; Christianizing of Britain; 449 AD-1066; decline of
Old English as result of Norman Conquest
,◉ phonological awareness. Answer: an umbrella term used to refer
to a student's sensitivity to sound structure in language;
understanding of internal linguistic structures of words; awareness
of onset-rime and individual phonemes
◉ naming speed. Answer: a speed naming task; administered to pre-
readers
◉ phoneme. Answer: smallest unit of sound in speech /s/ /a/ /d/;
individual sound unit in spoken words
◉ prosody. Answer: vocal intonation and meter of spoken
language;readers sound as if they are speaking;significant to
communicate and comprehend emotions and attitudes
◉ Torgensen, Lundber, and Foorman. Answer: phonological
awareness is a critical factor in dyslexia
◉ macron. Answer: diacritical line over long vowel sound
◉ breve. Answer: diacritical mark over short vowel sound
◉ cedilla. Answer: diacritical mark under C indicting soft sound
, ◉ base word. Answer: word before affixes added/can stand alone
◉ Grace Fernald. Answer: Kinesthetic method influenced Orton; he
suggested kinesthetic-tactile reinforcement of visual and auditory
associations could reverse transposition of letters
◉ 3 layers of language. Answer: Anglo-Saxon; Latin; Greek
◉ Anglo-Saxon Layer. Answer: stresses everyday life; common
words; usually 1 syllable
◉ Latin Layer. Answer: used in more formal settings; often found in
lit, science in upper elem texts etc; longer than A-S
◉ Greek Layer. Answer: scientific; roots often combine forms and
compounds
◉ bound morpheme. Answer: must be attached to other morphemes
( -ed, pre-)
◉ chameleon prefix. Answer: prefix whose final consonant depends
on the initial letter of a root (in- changes to -ir) Clue: when you see
double consonants at beginning of word
AND ANSWERS WITH FULL EXPLANATIONS
◉ syntax. Answer: arrangement and sequence of words in sentences,
clauses, and phrases; set of principles that dictate sequence and
function in order to convey meaning ( G.U.M.)
◉ voiced/unvoiced cognates. Answer: phonemes pronounce din the
same place of the mouth but vary in voicing /k/ /g/
◉ phonology. Answer: sound system of a language; science of speech
sounds;the study of peach sound system, rules and patterns of
speech; unconscious rules and patterns of spoken language (sad vs
sank)
◉ suprasegmental. Answer: aspects of language ( intonations, pitch,
juncture, speaking rate) supersize
◉ occipital cortex. Answer: vision; receives information first
◉ Old English. Answer: Began when Angles, Saxons, Jutes arrived in
England. Language of Vikings; Old Norse and Latin also influenced;
Teutonic invasion; Christianizing of Britain; 449 AD-1066; decline of
Old English as result of Norman Conquest
,◉ phonological awareness. Answer: an umbrella term used to refer
to a student's sensitivity to sound structure in language;
understanding of internal linguistic structures of words; awareness
of onset-rime and individual phonemes
◉ naming speed. Answer: a speed naming task; administered to pre-
readers
◉ phoneme. Answer: smallest unit of sound in speech /s/ /a/ /d/;
individual sound unit in spoken words
◉ prosody. Answer: vocal intonation and meter of spoken
language;readers sound as if they are speaking;significant to
communicate and comprehend emotions and attitudes
◉ Torgensen, Lundber, and Foorman. Answer: phonological
awareness is a critical factor in dyslexia
◉ macron. Answer: diacritical line over long vowel sound
◉ breve. Answer: diacritical mark over short vowel sound
◉ cedilla. Answer: diacritical mark under C indicting soft sound
, ◉ base word. Answer: word before affixes added/can stand alone
◉ Grace Fernald. Answer: Kinesthetic method influenced Orton; he
suggested kinesthetic-tactile reinforcement of visual and auditory
associations could reverse transposition of letters
◉ 3 layers of language. Answer: Anglo-Saxon; Latin; Greek
◉ Anglo-Saxon Layer. Answer: stresses everyday life; common
words; usually 1 syllable
◉ Latin Layer. Answer: used in more formal settings; often found in
lit, science in upper elem texts etc; longer than A-S
◉ Greek Layer. Answer: scientific; roots often combine forms and
compounds
◉ bound morpheme. Answer: must be attached to other morphemes
( -ed, pre-)
◉ chameleon prefix. Answer: prefix whose final consonant depends
on the initial letter of a root (in- changes to -ir) Clue: when you see
double consonants at beginning of word
