Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
(Vol.1 & Vol.2)
22nd Edition
• Author(s)Joseph Loscalzo; Anthony S.
Fauci; Dennis L. Kasper; Stephen Hauser;
Dan Longo; J. Larry Jameson
Test Bank
Covered
PART 1: Foundations of Clinical Medicine
PART 2: Cardinal Symptoms & Clinical Presentations
PART 3: Clinical Pharmacology
PART 4: Oncology & Hematology
PART 5: Infectious Diseases
PART 6: Cardiovascular Disorders
PART 7: Respiratory Disorders
PART 8: Critical Care Medicine
PART 9: Kidney & Urinary Tract Disorders
PART 10: Gastrointestinal & Hepatobiliary Disorders
,PART 11: Immune-Mediated & Rheumatologic Disorders
PART 12: Endocrinology & Metabolism
PART 13: Neurologic & Psychiatric Disorders
PART 14: Toxicology & Environmental Injury
PART 15: Environmental & Occupational Medicine
PART 16: Genetics, Precision & Systems Medicine
PART 17–20: Special & Emerging Topics
Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd Ed
Foundational Concepts of Medical Practice
FAST-REVISION Nursing MCQs (20 Questions Total)
1.
Which principle best distinguishes evidence-based medicine
from tradition-based clinical practice?
A. Reliance on expert opinion
B. Individual clinician experience
C. Integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise
and patient values
D. Use of diagnostic algorithms only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Evidence-based medicine integrates scientific
,evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to guide
care decisions.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 1 – The Practice of Medicine
2.
Which nursing action best supports shared decision-making in
clinical care?
A. Providing only physician-recommended options
B. Encouraging patient compliance without discussion
C. Presenting risks, benefits, and alternatives in understandable
terms
D. Deferring decisions entirely to family members
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Shared decision-making requires transparent
communication tailored to patient understanding.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 4 – Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine
3.
Which determinant of health has the greatest overall impact on
population health outcomes?
A. Clinical care access
B. Genetic predisposition
,C. Social and environmental factors
D. Advanced diagnostic technology
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Social, economic, and environmental conditions are
the strongest drivers of health outcomes.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 2 – Promoting Good Health
4.
A nurse encounters a patient refusing vaccination due to safety
concerns. Which response aligns with best practice?
A. Dismiss concerns as misinformation
B. Provide factual information respectfully and address specific
fears
C. Threaten denial of care
D. Refer immediately to public health authorities
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Addressing vaccine hesitancy requires respectful
engagement and evidence-based communication.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 3 – Vaccine Opposition and Hesitancy
5.
Which factor most commonly contributes to diagnostic error?
,A. Inadequate laboratory testing
B. Cognitive bias in clinical reasoning
C. Rare disease prevalence
D. Excessive imaging
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cognitive errors such as anchoring and premature
closure are leading causes of diagnostic failure.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 10 – Diagnosis: Reducing Errors and Improving Quality
6.
Which nursing practice best reduces patient harm related to
health care systems?
A. Individual vigilance only
B. Blame-focused error reporting
C. System-based safety culture and error reporting
D. Increased staffing without protocol changes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A nonpunitive, systems-based safety culture
improves quality and reduces preventable harm.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 7 – The Safety and Quality of Health Care
7.
,Precision medicine primarily seeks to:
A. Replace clinical judgment
B. Standardize treatment for all patients
C. Tailor prevention and treatment using genetic and molecular
data
D. Eliminate population-based guidelines
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Precision medicine individualizes care based on
genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 5 – Precision Medicine and Clinical Care
8.
Which screening principle is essential to prevent patient harm?
A. Screen all conditions regardless of prevalence
B. Use screening only when early detection improves outcomes
C. Screen whenever technology is available
D. Avoid screening in asymptomatic individuals
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Effective screening must demonstrate benefit
through early intervention.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 6 – Screening and Prevention of Disease
,9.
Which component of the physical examination remains most
valuable in modern medicine?
A. Complete head-to-toe exam for every patient
B. Technology-assisted findings only
C. Hypothesis-driven, focused examination
D. Replacement by imaging
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Targeted physical exams guided by clinical reasoning
improve diagnostic efficiency.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 8 – The Value of the Physical Examination in Modern
Medicine
10.
Which ethical principle supports respecting a competent
patient’s treatment refusal?
A. Beneficence
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Justice
D. Autonomy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Autonomy affirms a patient’s right to make informed
decisions about their care.
,Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 12 – Ethical Issues in Clinical Medicine
11.
Which nursing assessment most helps reduce diagnostic delay?
A. Documenting only abnormal findings
B. Clarifying symptom onset and progression
C. Repeating vital signs routinely
D. Deferring assessment to providers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Accurate history-taking is central to correct diagnosis
and timely care.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 10 – Diagnosis
12.
Which factor most strongly contributes to physician burnout?
A. Inadequate medical knowledge
B. Excessive administrative burden
C. Lack of patient interaction
D. Overuse of technology
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Administrative workload and system inefficiencies
are major drivers of burnout.
,Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 9 – Physician Well-Being
13.
Health disparities most commonly arise from differences in:
A. Biological susceptibility
B. Patient motivation
C. Access, quality, and social determinants of care
D. Clinical guideline adherence
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Structural and social inequities underlie most racial
and ethnic health disparities.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 11 – Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
14.
Which nursing intervention best supports preventive health?
A. Treating illness after onset
B. Encouraging lifestyle modification and risk reduction
C. Increasing medication use
D. Limiting patient education
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prevention emphasizes modifiable behaviors and risk
reduction strategies.
, Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 2 – Promoting Good Health
15.
Which bias leads clinicians to stop diagnostic evaluation
prematurely?
A. Availability bias
B. Anchoring bias
C. Confirmation bias
D. Premature closure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Premature closure halts further evaluation after an
early diagnosis is accepted.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 10 – Diagnosis
16.
Which factor most enhances patient trust in vaccination
discussions?
A. Authority-based directives
B. Dismissal of concerns
C. Empathy and transparency
D. Statistical overload
(Vol.1 & Vol.2)
22nd Edition
• Author(s)Joseph Loscalzo; Anthony S.
Fauci; Dennis L. Kasper; Stephen Hauser;
Dan Longo; J. Larry Jameson
Test Bank
Covered
PART 1: Foundations of Clinical Medicine
PART 2: Cardinal Symptoms & Clinical Presentations
PART 3: Clinical Pharmacology
PART 4: Oncology & Hematology
PART 5: Infectious Diseases
PART 6: Cardiovascular Disorders
PART 7: Respiratory Disorders
PART 8: Critical Care Medicine
PART 9: Kidney & Urinary Tract Disorders
PART 10: Gastrointestinal & Hepatobiliary Disorders
,PART 11: Immune-Mediated & Rheumatologic Disorders
PART 12: Endocrinology & Metabolism
PART 13: Neurologic & Psychiatric Disorders
PART 14: Toxicology & Environmental Injury
PART 15: Environmental & Occupational Medicine
PART 16: Genetics, Precision & Systems Medicine
PART 17–20: Special & Emerging Topics
Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd Ed
Foundational Concepts of Medical Practice
FAST-REVISION Nursing MCQs (20 Questions Total)
1.
Which principle best distinguishes evidence-based medicine
from tradition-based clinical practice?
A. Reliance on expert opinion
B. Individual clinician experience
C. Integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise
and patient values
D. Use of diagnostic algorithms only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Evidence-based medicine integrates scientific
,evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to guide
care decisions.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 1 – The Practice of Medicine
2.
Which nursing action best supports shared decision-making in
clinical care?
A. Providing only physician-recommended options
B. Encouraging patient compliance without discussion
C. Presenting risks, benefits, and alternatives in understandable
terms
D. Deferring decisions entirely to family members
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Shared decision-making requires transparent
communication tailored to patient understanding.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 4 – Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine
3.
Which determinant of health has the greatest overall impact on
population health outcomes?
A. Clinical care access
B. Genetic predisposition
,C. Social and environmental factors
D. Advanced diagnostic technology
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Social, economic, and environmental conditions are
the strongest drivers of health outcomes.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 2 – Promoting Good Health
4.
A nurse encounters a patient refusing vaccination due to safety
concerns. Which response aligns with best practice?
A. Dismiss concerns as misinformation
B. Provide factual information respectfully and address specific
fears
C. Threaten denial of care
D. Refer immediately to public health authorities
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Addressing vaccine hesitancy requires respectful
engagement and evidence-based communication.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 3 – Vaccine Opposition and Hesitancy
5.
Which factor most commonly contributes to diagnostic error?
,A. Inadequate laboratory testing
B. Cognitive bias in clinical reasoning
C. Rare disease prevalence
D. Excessive imaging
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cognitive errors such as anchoring and premature
closure are leading causes of diagnostic failure.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 10 – Diagnosis: Reducing Errors and Improving Quality
6.
Which nursing practice best reduces patient harm related to
health care systems?
A. Individual vigilance only
B. Blame-focused error reporting
C. System-based safety culture and error reporting
D. Increased staffing without protocol changes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A nonpunitive, systems-based safety culture
improves quality and reduces preventable harm.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 7 – The Safety and Quality of Health Care
7.
,Precision medicine primarily seeks to:
A. Replace clinical judgment
B. Standardize treatment for all patients
C. Tailor prevention and treatment using genetic and molecular
data
D. Eliminate population-based guidelines
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Precision medicine individualizes care based on
genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 5 – Precision Medicine and Clinical Care
8.
Which screening principle is essential to prevent patient harm?
A. Screen all conditions regardless of prevalence
B. Use screening only when early detection improves outcomes
C. Screen whenever technology is available
D. Avoid screening in asymptomatic individuals
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Effective screening must demonstrate benefit
through early intervention.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 6 – Screening and Prevention of Disease
,9.
Which component of the physical examination remains most
valuable in modern medicine?
A. Complete head-to-toe exam for every patient
B. Technology-assisted findings only
C. Hypothesis-driven, focused examination
D. Replacement by imaging
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Targeted physical exams guided by clinical reasoning
improve diagnostic efficiency.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 8 – The Value of the Physical Examination in Modern
Medicine
10.
Which ethical principle supports respecting a competent
patient’s treatment refusal?
A. Beneficence
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Justice
D. Autonomy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Autonomy affirms a patient’s right to make informed
decisions about their care.
,Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 12 – Ethical Issues in Clinical Medicine
11.
Which nursing assessment most helps reduce diagnostic delay?
A. Documenting only abnormal findings
B. Clarifying symptom onset and progression
C. Repeating vital signs routinely
D. Deferring assessment to providers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Accurate history-taking is central to correct diagnosis
and timely care.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 10 – Diagnosis
12.
Which factor most strongly contributes to physician burnout?
A. Inadequate medical knowledge
B. Excessive administrative burden
C. Lack of patient interaction
D. Overuse of technology
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Administrative workload and system inefficiencies
are major drivers of burnout.
,Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 9 – Physician Well-Being
13.
Health disparities most commonly arise from differences in:
A. Biological susceptibility
B. Patient motivation
C. Access, quality, and social determinants of care
D. Clinical guideline adherence
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Structural and social inequities underlie most racial
and ethnic health disparities.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 11 – Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
14.
Which nursing intervention best supports preventive health?
A. Treating illness after onset
B. Encouraging lifestyle modification and risk reduction
C. Increasing medication use
D. Limiting patient education
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prevention emphasizes modifiable behaviors and risk
reduction strategies.
, Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 2 – Promoting Good Health
15.
Which bias leads clinicians to stop diagnostic evaluation
prematurely?
A. Availability bias
B. Anchoring bias
C. Confirmation bias
D. Premature closure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Premature closure halts further evaluation after an
early diagnosis is accepted.
Citation: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed.,
Chapter 10 – Diagnosis
16.
Which factor most enhances patient trust in vaccination
discussions?
A. Authority-based directives
B. Dismissal of concerns
C. Empathy and transparency
D. Statistical overload
