FISDAP MEDICAL FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔Pathophysiology of HHNS - ✔✔- "68 yom is confused. Spouse states he has
GENERAL MALAISE and loose stools. Pt has a Hx of diabetes and takes
METFORMIN. VS: 82/54, P98, RR18, CBG 720, What is it?
A: HHNS"
Excessive thirst, urination, and hunger. Dehydration, orthostatic hypotension,
tachycardia, coma, death. Caused by poorly managed Type 2 diabetes. OFTEN
FOUND IN PT'S with STROKES OR INFECTIONS."
Excessive glucose builds in the blood and "spills into the urine" through the kidneys
which is "osmotic diuresis". This is where the dehydration comes from.
✔✔Managing a patient with low blood sugar - ✔✔Quiz Question:
24 yof is "slumped" in a chair with slurred speech and a CBG of 40, other VS are WNL.
How do you treat?
A: Dextrose 50%
The pt is hypoglycemic. Start an IV and give fluids with 25 grams of Dextrose 50%
✔✔Differences between upper and lower GI bleeds - ✔✔"46 yof c/o vomiting blood in
buckets."
A: Esophageal varicies due to increased portal hypertension. RUQ pain due to liver
cirrhosis and is commonly associated with alcoholism."
UPPER:
Bleeding superior to the duodenum
"Coffee Ground" Emesis, Abd.Pain, melena, Tachycardia, N/V, Syncope, hypotension,
Hypovolemia
LOWER:
Bleeding inferior to the duodenum
fever, rectal pain, diarrhea, n/v, abd. pain + cramps, dehydration, hemachezia, bright
red blood
✔✔Acid-Base balance and buffering system of ph - ✔✔M. Alkalosis:
Elevation of HCO3- usually caused by an excessive loss of metabolic acids
, M. Acidosis:
Low pH, low HCO3. decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of an upset in
metabolism
R. Alkalosis:
High pH, low CO2. Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive breathing) and
a resulting decrease in CO2.
R. Acidosis:
Low pH, High CO2. A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a
resulting accumulation of Co2.
- How does chemical buffer work to balance pH?
Acidosis inactivate h+ ions and increase HCO3 concentration to increase pH
Alkalosis chemical buffers generate more h+ ions and decreases HCO3 concentration
to decrease pH
What are the 3 main buffering systems?
Protein
Phosphate
Carbonic Acids/Bicarbonate
✔✔Generic and trade names of medications - ✔✔These are the medication practice
questions on the Practice quiz:
- "51 yom is spraying pesticides and feeling light headed with EXCESSIVE
SALIVATION PRODUCTION. What do you give?
A: Atropine
We give Atropine to pt's with organophosphate poisoning. Remember, SLUDGE:
Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, GI issues, Emesis"
- "Which drug causes pupil constriction?
A: Opiates
Opiates play on the parasympathetic response which causes pupil constriction."
- "If somebody OD's on Atenolol, what would be a predictable symptom?
A: Hypotension
Atenolol is a selective Beta 1 antagonist which reduces HR and contractility. Hence,
hypotension."
✔✔Pathophysiology of Cranial Nerve inflammation and other commonly seen
neurological conditions: Bells Palsy - ✔✔First, the quiz question:
- "42 yof c/o left sided facial weakness, slurred speech and a LOST SENSE OF TASTE.
What's the likely cause?
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔Pathophysiology of HHNS - ✔✔- "68 yom is confused. Spouse states he has
GENERAL MALAISE and loose stools. Pt has a Hx of diabetes and takes
METFORMIN. VS: 82/54, P98, RR18, CBG 720, What is it?
A: HHNS"
Excessive thirst, urination, and hunger. Dehydration, orthostatic hypotension,
tachycardia, coma, death. Caused by poorly managed Type 2 diabetes. OFTEN
FOUND IN PT'S with STROKES OR INFECTIONS."
Excessive glucose builds in the blood and "spills into the urine" through the kidneys
which is "osmotic diuresis". This is where the dehydration comes from.
✔✔Managing a patient with low blood sugar - ✔✔Quiz Question:
24 yof is "slumped" in a chair with slurred speech and a CBG of 40, other VS are WNL.
How do you treat?
A: Dextrose 50%
The pt is hypoglycemic. Start an IV and give fluids with 25 grams of Dextrose 50%
✔✔Differences between upper and lower GI bleeds - ✔✔"46 yof c/o vomiting blood in
buckets."
A: Esophageal varicies due to increased portal hypertension. RUQ pain due to liver
cirrhosis and is commonly associated with alcoholism."
UPPER:
Bleeding superior to the duodenum
"Coffee Ground" Emesis, Abd.Pain, melena, Tachycardia, N/V, Syncope, hypotension,
Hypovolemia
LOWER:
Bleeding inferior to the duodenum
fever, rectal pain, diarrhea, n/v, abd. pain + cramps, dehydration, hemachezia, bright
red blood
✔✔Acid-Base balance and buffering system of ph - ✔✔M. Alkalosis:
Elevation of HCO3- usually caused by an excessive loss of metabolic acids
, M. Acidosis:
Low pH, low HCO3. decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of an upset in
metabolism
R. Alkalosis:
High pH, low CO2. Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive breathing) and
a resulting decrease in CO2.
R. Acidosis:
Low pH, High CO2. A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a
resulting accumulation of Co2.
- How does chemical buffer work to balance pH?
Acidosis inactivate h+ ions and increase HCO3 concentration to increase pH
Alkalosis chemical buffers generate more h+ ions and decreases HCO3 concentration
to decrease pH
What are the 3 main buffering systems?
Protein
Phosphate
Carbonic Acids/Bicarbonate
✔✔Generic and trade names of medications - ✔✔These are the medication practice
questions on the Practice quiz:
- "51 yom is spraying pesticides and feeling light headed with EXCESSIVE
SALIVATION PRODUCTION. What do you give?
A: Atropine
We give Atropine to pt's with organophosphate poisoning. Remember, SLUDGE:
Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, GI issues, Emesis"
- "Which drug causes pupil constriction?
A: Opiates
Opiates play on the parasympathetic response which causes pupil constriction."
- "If somebody OD's on Atenolol, what would be a predictable symptom?
A: Hypotension
Atenolol is a selective Beta 1 antagonist which reduces HR and contractility. Hence,
hypotension."
✔✔Pathophysiology of Cranial Nerve inflammation and other commonly seen
neurological conditions: Bells Palsy - ✔✔First, the quiz question:
- "42 yof c/o left sided facial weakness, slurred speech and a LOST SENSE OF TASTE.
What's the likely cause?
