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Overview
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Pharmacologic Principles and Medication
Management Overview
First Pass Effect
Liver metabolizes drugs into inactive metabolites post-absorption.
Distribution
Transport of drugs via bloodstream to action sites.
Rapid Distribution Areas
Heart, liver, kidneys receive drugs quickly.
Slow Distribution Areas
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Overview
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Muscle, skin, fat, and brain receive drugs slowly.
Metabolism/ Biotransformation
Alteration of drugs into active or inactive metabolites.
Hepatic Metabolism
Liver enzymes, especially cytochrome P450, metabolize drugs.
Water Soluble Medications
Easier to metabolize compared to lipid soluble drugs.
Excretion
Elimination of drugs from the body, primarily by kidneys.
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Renal Excretion
Involves glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in kidneys.
Biliary Excretion
Drugs metabolized by liver, released as bile, eliminated in feces.
Parenteral Administration
Directly into the body, bypassing the digestive system.
This includes IV, IM, SQ.
Enternal Adminstration methods
PO and SUppository
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Overview
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Half-Life
Time for half of a drug to be eliminated. Typically 5 half lives of most
drugs are considered to be removed from the body. Determines the
frequency of how we administer the drug.
Steady State
Drug absorption equals drug elimination over time.
Transdermal Patch Care
Rotate application site; clean before new patch. Applied at the same
time daily. Activate by holding your hand on the patch for a bout 10
seconds.
Pediatric Drug Considerations
Infants and children have immature organs affecting drug response.
This includes their skin being thinner and more permeable, the stomach
lacks acid to kill bacteria, lungs have weaker mucus barriers, body
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