BIOM1050 FINAL EXAM REVISION | VERIFIED STUDY
| QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATES
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic - ANSWER- What are the two types of cells?
No, Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane bound organelle - ANSWER- Do the cells of
bacteria have a nucleus?
Prokaryotic cells are always unicellular - ANSWER- Are any bacteria made up of more than
one cell?
The outer membrane of a cell which maintains conditions for cellular function - ANSWER-
What is the plasma membrane and what is its function?
No, eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelle - ANSWER- Are membranes only
present on the outside of cells?
cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus - ANSWER- What are the 3 main parts of a
eukaryotic cell?
nuclear membrane or karyotheca - ANSWER- What is the name of the membrane
surrounding the nucleus?
The endoplasmic reticulum membrane - ANSWER- What component of cell structure is
contiguous to the nuclear membrane?
Centrioles, cytoskeleton, lysosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, golgi body, ER and ribosomes -
ANSWER- What are the main organelle in eukaryotic cells?
unbound in cytoplasm, attached to ER or attached to outside of nuclear membrane. Ribosomes
synthesise proteins. - ANSWER- Where in the cell are ribosomes found and what is their
function?
lysosomes, centrioles and flagella - ANSWER- What structures are found in animal cells
but not plant cells?
chloroplast, vacuole, tonoplast, cell wall - ANSWER- What structures are found in plant
cells but not animal cells?
DNA and protein - ANSWER- What is chromatin?
,The reading of mRNA to produce a protein - ANSWER- What is translation?
rER because it has ribosomes - ANSWER- What type of ER is responsible for protein
synthesis?
synthesises lipids - ANSWER- What does sER do?
glucose + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP - ANSWER- What is the formula for cellular
respiration?
Shape, support, and movement - ANSWER- What are the 3 main functions of the
cytoskeleton?
in the cytoplasm - ANSWER- Where are hydrophilic (water soluble) proteins made?
in the ER or cell wall - ANSWER- Where ate hydrophobic (lipid soluble) proteins made?
are amphipathic molecules - ANSWER- Phospholipids
Allow the transport of molecules across the membrane (protein channels) - ANSWER-
What do membrane proteins do?
Transport across a membrane that uses energy as it is going against the concentration gradient.
- ANSWER- What is active transport?
Transport with the concentration gradient, does not use energy. - ANSWER- What is
passive transport?
C=N/V or C=(m/mm)/V - ANSWER- What is the formula for concentration
log10 of any number is the number of 0's or what 10^x is = to - ANSWER- What does
log10 mean?
Add a proton to the base - ANSWER- How do you find an acid of a base?
Take a proton from the acid - ANSWER- How do you find the base of an acid?
an expression of the concentration of hydronium (OH-) - ANSWER- What is pH?
above 7, low concentration of hydronium - ANSWER- Alkaline pH?
below 7, high concentration of hydronium - ANSWER- Acidic pH?
Acidosis (pH below 7.35) - ANSWER- What is it called when your body pH is too acidic?
Alkalosis (pH above 7.45) - ANSWER- What is it called when your body is too alkaline?
, Regulates the hydronium ion concentration by absorbing and releasing protons. - ANSWER-
What does a buffer do?
CH2O - ANSWER- What is the general carbohydrate formula?
mono or disaccharides - ANSWER- What is a simple sugar?
Polysaccharides - ANSWER- What is a complex sugar?
high number of C and H with little O ( can contain N or P but very little) or a long hydrocarbon
group with a carboxyl group - ANSWER- What is the general structure of a lipid?
cholesterol or other steroids, vitamins A K and D, fatty acids - ANSWER- Name a lipid
no double bond in tail - ANSWER- What is a saturated fat?
one or more double bonds in tail - ANSWER- What is an unsaturated fat?
cis have 2 H on same side (bent) while trans alternate sides (straighter) - ANSWER- What
is the difference between cis and trans fats?
They stack easily on top of each other due to structure - ANSWER- Why are trans fats hard
to break down?
the number of double bonds in the tail - ANSWER- What is the difference between fats
and oils?
Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Adenine (A), Thymine (T) and Uracil (U) - ANSWER- Name the 5
nitrogenous bases
C, T (U in mRNA) - ANSWER- What nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines
G and A - ANSWER- What nitrogenous bases are purines?
AT, GC and AU in mRNA - ANSWER- What is the complementary pairings of nitrogenous
bases?
DNA + histones = nucleosome < chromatin < chromosomes - ANSWER- what are the
stages of DNA packing?
unwinds parental double helix (1) - ANSWER- What does helicase do?
stabalise unwound parental strands (2) - ANSWER- What does single strand binding
protein do?
| QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATES
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic - ANSWER- What are the two types of cells?
No, Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane bound organelle - ANSWER- Do the cells of
bacteria have a nucleus?
Prokaryotic cells are always unicellular - ANSWER- Are any bacteria made up of more than
one cell?
The outer membrane of a cell which maintains conditions for cellular function - ANSWER-
What is the plasma membrane and what is its function?
No, eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelle - ANSWER- Are membranes only
present on the outside of cells?
cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus - ANSWER- What are the 3 main parts of a
eukaryotic cell?
nuclear membrane or karyotheca - ANSWER- What is the name of the membrane
surrounding the nucleus?
The endoplasmic reticulum membrane - ANSWER- What component of cell structure is
contiguous to the nuclear membrane?
Centrioles, cytoskeleton, lysosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, golgi body, ER and ribosomes -
ANSWER- What are the main organelle in eukaryotic cells?
unbound in cytoplasm, attached to ER or attached to outside of nuclear membrane. Ribosomes
synthesise proteins. - ANSWER- Where in the cell are ribosomes found and what is their
function?
lysosomes, centrioles and flagella - ANSWER- What structures are found in animal cells
but not plant cells?
chloroplast, vacuole, tonoplast, cell wall - ANSWER- What structures are found in plant
cells but not animal cells?
DNA and protein - ANSWER- What is chromatin?
,The reading of mRNA to produce a protein - ANSWER- What is translation?
rER because it has ribosomes - ANSWER- What type of ER is responsible for protein
synthesis?
synthesises lipids - ANSWER- What does sER do?
glucose + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP - ANSWER- What is the formula for cellular
respiration?
Shape, support, and movement - ANSWER- What are the 3 main functions of the
cytoskeleton?
in the cytoplasm - ANSWER- Where are hydrophilic (water soluble) proteins made?
in the ER or cell wall - ANSWER- Where ate hydrophobic (lipid soluble) proteins made?
are amphipathic molecules - ANSWER- Phospholipids
Allow the transport of molecules across the membrane (protein channels) - ANSWER-
What do membrane proteins do?
Transport across a membrane that uses energy as it is going against the concentration gradient.
- ANSWER- What is active transport?
Transport with the concentration gradient, does not use energy. - ANSWER- What is
passive transport?
C=N/V or C=(m/mm)/V - ANSWER- What is the formula for concentration
log10 of any number is the number of 0's or what 10^x is = to - ANSWER- What does
log10 mean?
Add a proton to the base - ANSWER- How do you find an acid of a base?
Take a proton from the acid - ANSWER- How do you find the base of an acid?
an expression of the concentration of hydronium (OH-) - ANSWER- What is pH?
above 7, low concentration of hydronium - ANSWER- Alkaline pH?
below 7, high concentration of hydronium - ANSWER- Acidic pH?
Acidosis (pH below 7.35) - ANSWER- What is it called when your body pH is too acidic?
Alkalosis (pH above 7.45) - ANSWER- What is it called when your body is too alkaline?
, Regulates the hydronium ion concentration by absorbing and releasing protons. - ANSWER-
What does a buffer do?
CH2O - ANSWER- What is the general carbohydrate formula?
mono or disaccharides - ANSWER- What is a simple sugar?
Polysaccharides - ANSWER- What is a complex sugar?
high number of C and H with little O ( can contain N or P but very little) or a long hydrocarbon
group with a carboxyl group - ANSWER- What is the general structure of a lipid?
cholesterol or other steroids, vitamins A K and D, fatty acids - ANSWER- Name a lipid
no double bond in tail - ANSWER- What is a saturated fat?
one or more double bonds in tail - ANSWER- What is an unsaturated fat?
cis have 2 H on same side (bent) while trans alternate sides (straighter) - ANSWER- What
is the difference between cis and trans fats?
They stack easily on top of each other due to structure - ANSWER- Why are trans fats hard
to break down?
the number of double bonds in the tail - ANSWER- What is the difference between fats
and oils?
Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Adenine (A), Thymine (T) and Uracil (U) - ANSWER- Name the 5
nitrogenous bases
C, T (U in mRNA) - ANSWER- What nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines
G and A - ANSWER- What nitrogenous bases are purines?
AT, GC and AU in mRNA - ANSWER- What is the complementary pairings of nitrogenous
bases?
DNA + histones = nucleosome < chromatin < chromosomes - ANSWER- what are the
stages of DNA packing?
unwinds parental double helix (1) - ANSWER- What does helicase do?
stabalise unwound parental strands (2) - ANSWER- What does single strand binding
protein do?
