ECU BIO 1050 EXAM 2 | VERIFIED STUDY SET |
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT
Do all human cells have the same DNA? - ANSWER- Yes, except gametes
How do our cells become different from each other? - ANSWER- certain genes making up
that DNA are turned on while others are turned off
What happens when a gene is turned on? - ANSWER- it undergoes transcription and
translation to make a protein
What happens when a gene is turned off? - ANSWER- it does not function
Do all specialized cells have the same pattern of active genes? - ANSWER- each cell type
has a different pattern of active genes
What is a genome? - ANSWER- a complete set of an organism's DNA
What is sequencing? - ANSWER- determining the order of bases on DNA and where genes
occur
Is the human genome the only one that has been sequenced? - ANSWER- no (others
include fruit fly, onion, salamander, amoeba, and more!)
What is non-coding ("junk") DNA? - ANSWER- DNA that controls when proteins are made
and not made instead of directly coding for a protein
Allows us to be more complex
Function of DNA in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes - ANSWER- prokaryotes have more coding
DNA than non-coding
eukaryotes have less coding DNA than non-coding
What uses are there for genomics? - ANSWER- 1. Compare genomes of species or
individuals for things like:
bioterrorism crime solving (anthrax)
study evolution
track diseases
, 2. Manipulate genes to:
create genetically modified organisms
work on human gene therapy
What is stem cells? - ANSWER- subset of cells that can divide many times without
becoming specialized and become any (or many) specialized cell type
What are the 2 categories of stem cells? - ANSWER- embryonic and adult
Where do embryonic stem cells come from? - ANSWER- come from embryos via IFV
leftovers, umbilical cords, or cloning
Where does adult stem cells come from? - ANSWER- comes from adults, primarily from
bone marrow
Which type of stem cell produces better medical results? - ANSWER- embryonic
What are clones? - ANSWER- A genetically identical cell that contains that inserted DNA.
What are the 2 types of cloning? - ANSWER- whole organism cloning and therapeutic
cloning
therapeutic cloning - ANSWER- creation of cells for medical use
What whole organisms have been cloned? - ANSWER- sheep, cats, dogs, cows (not
humans- yet!)
What happens to a normal cell during the cell cycle? - ANSWER- Cells go through
checkpoints in cell cycle
What inspects the cells? - ANSWER- Proteins
What do proteins check? - ANSWER- If a cell needs to divide, if a cell is large enough to
divide, if DNA has been copied correctly and is positioned properly
What happens if a problem is found during a checkpoint? - ANSWER- A cell gets the signal
from a protein and dies
What provides the directions to make these proteins? - ANSWER- Genes
What happens when these proteins are normal? - ANSWER- Cell division works properly
What happens when these proteins do not work properly? - ANSWER- Abnormal cell
division makes tumors
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT
Do all human cells have the same DNA? - ANSWER- Yes, except gametes
How do our cells become different from each other? - ANSWER- certain genes making up
that DNA are turned on while others are turned off
What happens when a gene is turned on? - ANSWER- it undergoes transcription and
translation to make a protein
What happens when a gene is turned off? - ANSWER- it does not function
Do all specialized cells have the same pattern of active genes? - ANSWER- each cell type
has a different pattern of active genes
What is a genome? - ANSWER- a complete set of an organism's DNA
What is sequencing? - ANSWER- determining the order of bases on DNA and where genes
occur
Is the human genome the only one that has been sequenced? - ANSWER- no (others
include fruit fly, onion, salamander, amoeba, and more!)
What is non-coding ("junk") DNA? - ANSWER- DNA that controls when proteins are made
and not made instead of directly coding for a protein
Allows us to be more complex
Function of DNA in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes - ANSWER- prokaryotes have more coding
DNA than non-coding
eukaryotes have less coding DNA than non-coding
What uses are there for genomics? - ANSWER- 1. Compare genomes of species or
individuals for things like:
bioterrorism crime solving (anthrax)
study evolution
track diseases
, 2. Manipulate genes to:
create genetically modified organisms
work on human gene therapy
What is stem cells? - ANSWER- subset of cells that can divide many times without
becoming specialized and become any (or many) specialized cell type
What are the 2 categories of stem cells? - ANSWER- embryonic and adult
Where do embryonic stem cells come from? - ANSWER- come from embryos via IFV
leftovers, umbilical cords, or cloning
Where does adult stem cells come from? - ANSWER- comes from adults, primarily from
bone marrow
Which type of stem cell produces better medical results? - ANSWER- embryonic
What are clones? - ANSWER- A genetically identical cell that contains that inserted DNA.
What are the 2 types of cloning? - ANSWER- whole organism cloning and therapeutic
cloning
therapeutic cloning - ANSWER- creation of cells for medical use
What whole organisms have been cloned? - ANSWER- sheep, cats, dogs, cows (not
humans- yet!)
What happens to a normal cell during the cell cycle? - ANSWER- Cells go through
checkpoints in cell cycle
What inspects the cells? - ANSWER- Proteins
What do proteins check? - ANSWER- If a cell needs to divide, if a cell is large enough to
divide, if DNA has been copied correctly and is positioned properly
What happens if a problem is found during a checkpoint? - ANSWER- A cell gets the signal
from a protein and dies
What provides the directions to make these proteins? - ANSWER- Genes
What happens when these proteins are normal? - ANSWER- Cell division works properly
What happens when these proteins do not work properly? - ANSWER- Abnormal cell
division makes tumors
