ASU EXAM 2 BIO 182 Anatomy & Physiology Complete Final Exam
Review Guide With Practice Questions And Verified Answers (2025–
2026)
3 layers of skin - correct answer -epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer (called the
hypodermis)
List the terms that are synonymous with skin - correct answer -derma, cutaneous membrane
Compare thick and thin skin - correct answer -normal thickness: 1-2mm
thick skin: up to 6mm in palms/soles
thin skin: 0.5mm in eyelids
Describe the epidermis - correct answer -1. Superficial to dermis
2. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
3. Surface- dead cells and keratin
4. No blood vessels
5. Sparse nerve endings
6. 5 zones/layers
Describe the 5 zones/layers of the epidermis - correct answer -stratum basale: deepest layer,
single layer of cuboidal or low columnar cells sitting on basement membrane, receives nutrients
from the connective tissue beneath, 4 types of cells
stratum spinosum: 2nd deepest layer, superficial to the stratum basale, thickest layer, contains
more living keratinocytes, contains cells that alert the immune system to foreign invaders
, stratum granulosum: 3-5 layers of granule and vesicle-containing keratinocytes, cells are dying,
release lipids from vesicles, granules lyse, forms a protein-lipid epidermal water behavior
stratum lucidum: thin, translucent zone, in thick skin only, no nuclei or organelles, cells are filled
with eleidin
stratum corneum: up to 30 layers, dead scaly keratinized cells, resistant to abrasion &
penetration & water loss
Explain the functions of different types of cells that reside in the different layers of the
epidermis - correct answer -stem cells: divide rapidlykeratinocytes: produce a tough fibrous
proteinmelanocytes: produce a protective pigmentmerkel/tactile cells: sense touch
Describe the function of melanin - correct answer -produce a protective pigment by
melanocytes
-used to shade their nuclei from UV Radiation
Eumalanin - correct answer -brownish black pigment
Pheomelanin - correct answer -reddish-yellow pigment
Explain how the epidermal- water barrier is created and its function - correct answer -1. It is
created by protein-lipid
2. Waterproofs the skin
3. Prevents dehydration
4. Cells above die because they are cut off from nutrients
Review Guide With Practice Questions And Verified Answers (2025–
2026)
3 layers of skin - correct answer -epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer (called the
hypodermis)
List the terms that are synonymous with skin - correct answer -derma, cutaneous membrane
Compare thick and thin skin - correct answer -normal thickness: 1-2mm
thick skin: up to 6mm in palms/soles
thin skin: 0.5mm in eyelids
Describe the epidermis - correct answer -1. Superficial to dermis
2. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
3. Surface- dead cells and keratin
4. No blood vessels
5. Sparse nerve endings
6. 5 zones/layers
Describe the 5 zones/layers of the epidermis - correct answer -stratum basale: deepest layer,
single layer of cuboidal or low columnar cells sitting on basement membrane, receives nutrients
from the connective tissue beneath, 4 types of cells
stratum spinosum: 2nd deepest layer, superficial to the stratum basale, thickest layer, contains
more living keratinocytes, contains cells that alert the immune system to foreign invaders
, stratum granulosum: 3-5 layers of granule and vesicle-containing keratinocytes, cells are dying,
release lipids from vesicles, granules lyse, forms a protein-lipid epidermal water behavior
stratum lucidum: thin, translucent zone, in thick skin only, no nuclei or organelles, cells are filled
with eleidin
stratum corneum: up to 30 layers, dead scaly keratinized cells, resistant to abrasion &
penetration & water loss
Explain the functions of different types of cells that reside in the different layers of the
epidermis - correct answer -stem cells: divide rapidlykeratinocytes: produce a tough fibrous
proteinmelanocytes: produce a protective pigmentmerkel/tactile cells: sense touch
Describe the function of melanin - correct answer -produce a protective pigment by
melanocytes
-used to shade their nuclei from UV Radiation
Eumalanin - correct answer -brownish black pigment
Pheomelanin - correct answer -reddish-yellow pigment
Explain how the epidermal- water barrier is created and its function - correct answer -1. It is
created by protein-lipid
2. Waterproofs the skin
3. Prevents dehydration
4. Cells above die because they are cut off from nutrients
