ECU BIO 1050 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Do all human cells have the same DNA? - Correct Answers -Yes, except gametes
How do our cells become different from each other? - Correct Answers -certain genes
making up that DNA are turned on while others are turned off
What happens when a gene is turned on? - Correct Answers -it undergoes transcription
and translation to make a protein
What happens when a gene is turned off? - Correct Answers -it does not function
Do all specialized cells have the same pattern of active genes? - Correct Answers -each
cell type has a different pattern of active genes
What is a genome? - Correct Answers -a complete set of an organism's DNA
What is sequencing? - Correct Answers -determining the order of bases on DNA and
where genes occur
Is the human genome the only one that has been sequenced? - Correct Answers -no
(others include fruit fly, onion, salamander, amoeba, and more!)
What is non-coding ("junk") DNA? - Correct Answers -DNA that controls when proteins
are made and not made instead of directly coding for a protein
Allows us to be more complex
Function of DNA in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes - Correct Answers -prokaryotes have
more coding DNA than non-coding
eukaryotes have less coding DNA than non-coding
What uses are there for genomics? - Correct Answers -1. Compare genomes of species
or individuals for things like:
bioterrorism crime solving (anthrax)
study evolution
track diseases
2. Manipulate genes to:
create genetically modified organisms
, work on human gene therapy
What is stem cells? - Correct Answers -subset of cells that can divide many times
without becoming specialized and become any (or many) specialized cell type
What are the 2 categories of stem cells? - Correct Answers -embryonic and adult
Where do embryonic stem cells come from? - Correct Answers -come from embryos via
IFV leftovers, umbilical cords, or cloning
Where does adult stem cells come from? - Correct Answers -comes from adults,
primarily from bone marrow
Which type of stem cell produces better medical results? - Correct Answers -embryonic
What are clones? - Correct Answers -A genetically identical cell that contains that
inserted DNA.
What are the 2 types of cloning? - Correct Answers -whole organism cloning and
therapeutic cloning
therapeutic cloning - Correct Answers -creation of cells for medical use
What whole organisms have been cloned? - Correct Answers -sheep, cats, dogs, cows
(not humans- yet!)
What happens to a normal cell during the cell cycle? - Correct Answers -Cells go
through checkpoints in cell cycle
What inspects the cells? - Correct Answers -Proteins
What do proteins check? - Correct Answers -If a cell needs to divide, if a cell is large
enough to divide, if DNA has been copied correctly and is positioned properly
What happens if a problem is found during a checkpoint? - Correct Answers -A cell gets
the signal from a protein and dies
What provides the directions to make these proteins? - Correct Answers -Genes
What happens when these proteins are normal? - Correct Answers -Cell division works
properly
What happens when these proteins do not work properly? - Correct Answers -Abnormal
cell division makes tumors
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Do all human cells have the same DNA? - Correct Answers -Yes, except gametes
How do our cells become different from each other? - Correct Answers -certain genes
making up that DNA are turned on while others are turned off
What happens when a gene is turned on? - Correct Answers -it undergoes transcription
and translation to make a protein
What happens when a gene is turned off? - Correct Answers -it does not function
Do all specialized cells have the same pattern of active genes? - Correct Answers -each
cell type has a different pattern of active genes
What is a genome? - Correct Answers -a complete set of an organism's DNA
What is sequencing? - Correct Answers -determining the order of bases on DNA and
where genes occur
Is the human genome the only one that has been sequenced? - Correct Answers -no
(others include fruit fly, onion, salamander, amoeba, and more!)
What is non-coding ("junk") DNA? - Correct Answers -DNA that controls when proteins
are made and not made instead of directly coding for a protein
Allows us to be more complex
Function of DNA in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes - Correct Answers -prokaryotes have
more coding DNA than non-coding
eukaryotes have less coding DNA than non-coding
What uses are there for genomics? - Correct Answers -1. Compare genomes of species
or individuals for things like:
bioterrorism crime solving (anthrax)
study evolution
track diseases
2. Manipulate genes to:
create genetically modified organisms
, work on human gene therapy
What is stem cells? - Correct Answers -subset of cells that can divide many times
without becoming specialized and become any (or many) specialized cell type
What are the 2 categories of stem cells? - Correct Answers -embryonic and adult
Where do embryonic stem cells come from? - Correct Answers -come from embryos via
IFV leftovers, umbilical cords, or cloning
Where does adult stem cells come from? - Correct Answers -comes from adults,
primarily from bone marrow
Which type of stem cell produces better medical results? - Correct Answers -embryonic
What are clones? - Correct Answers -A genetically identical cell that contains that
inserted DNA.
What are the 2 types of cloning? - Correct Answers -whole organism cloning and
therapeutic cloning
therapeutic cloning - Correct Answers -creation of cells for medical use
What whole organisms have been cloned? - Correct Answers -sheep, cats, dogs, cows
(not humans- yet!)
What happens to a normal cell during the cell cycle? - Correct Answers -Cells go
through checkpoints in cell cycle
What inspects the cells? - Correct Answers -Proteins
What do proteins check? - Correct Answers -If a cell needs to divide, if a cell is large
enough to divide, if DNA has been copied correctly and is positioned properly
What happens if a problem is found during a checkpoint? - Correct Answers -A cell gets
the signal from a protein and dies
What provides the directions to make these proteins? - Correct Answers -Genes
What happens when these proteins are normal? - Correct Answers -Cell division works
properly
What happens when these proteins do not work properly? - Correct Answers -Abnormal
cell division makes tumors
