ERSC181 B001 INTRODUCTION GEOLOGY
APUS WEEK 8 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL PAPER
COMPLETE QUESTIONS ANSWERS 2026
◉ What geologic factors influence people? Answer: Mountains and
valleys, volcanoes, faults and earthquakes, rivers, climate, natural
resources
◉ What are the three natural resources? Answer: Minerals, oil, water
◉ How are populations influenced by geology? Answer: Low
populations tend to live in extreme terrain where places of high
population are usually on flat lands near natural resources.
◉ What are the three basic layers of the earth? Answer: Crust, mantle,
core
◉ Describe the Lithosphere Answer: Crust and upper mantle
5-205 km thick
Brittle
◉ Describe the Asthenosphere Answer: Ductile
Convection
Lower mantle
,◉ Describe the Outer Core Answer: liquid, molten
Metallic Fe and Ni
◉ What is Isostasy? Answer: The gravitational equilibrium between the
ductile asthenosphere and the brittle lithosphere
◉ Describe Continental Crust Answer: Thick
less dense, buoyant
made up of granite
◉ Describe oceanic crust Answer: thin
more dense, sinks
made up of basalt
◉ What are the three types of rocks? Answer: Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
◉ What is a Geologist? Answer: A person who studies the interactions
and relationships of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and
biosphere
, ◉ What is the order in which Hypothesis-based investigations are made?
Answer: 1. Observe a phenomenon
2. Form a hypothesis
3. Test a hypothesis
4. Refute or confirm the hypothesis
◉ What is a hypothesis? Answer: A proposed explanation for a natural
phenomenon
◉ What is a theory? Answer: A well-supported explanation of a natural
phenomenon
◉ How does a hypothesis become a theory? Answer: A hypothesis
becomes a theory through extensive investigation , experimentation and
testing of evidence
◉ Describe qualitative Answer: observations and descriptions
drawings and concept sketches
comparisons
◉ Describe quantitative Answer: data measurements
maps
ages and rates
APUS WEEK 8 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL PAPER
COMPLETE QUESTIONS ANSWERS 2026
◉ What geologic factors influence people? Answer: Mountains and
valleys, volcanoes, faults and earthquakes, rivers, climate, natural
resources
◉ What are the three natural resources? Answer: Minerals, oil, water
◉ How are populations influenced by geology? Answer: Low
populations tend to live in extreme terrain where places of high
population are usually on flat lands near natural resources.
◉ What are the three basic layers of the earth? Answer: Crust, mantle,
core
◉ Describe the Lithosphere Answer: Crust and upper mantle
5-205 km thick
Brittle
◉ Describe the Asthenosphere Answer: Ductile
Convection
Lower mantle
,◉ Describe the Outer Core Answer: liquid, molten
Metallic Fe and Ni
◉ What is Isostasy? Answer: The gravitational equilibrium between the
ductile asthenosphere and the brittle lithosphere
◉ Describe Continental Crust Answer: Thick
less dense, buoyant
made up of granite
◉ Describe oceanic crust Answer: thin
more dense, sinks
made up of basalt
◉ What are the three types of rocks? Answer: Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
◉ What is a Geologist? Answer: A person who studies the interactions
and relationships of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and
biosphere
, ◉ What is the order in which Hypothesis-based investigations are made?
Answer: 1. Observe a phenomenon
2. Form a hypothesis
3. Test a hypothesis
4. Refute or confirm the hypothesis
◉ What is a hypothesis? Answer: A proposed explanation for a natural
phenomenon
◉ What is a theory? Answer: A well-supported explanation of a natural
phenomenon
◉ How does a hypothesis become a theory? Answer: A hypothesis
becomes a theory through extensive investigation , experimentation and
testing of evidence
◉ Describe qualitative Answer: observations and descriptions
drawings and concept sketches
comparisons
◉ Describe quantitative Answer: data measurements
maps
ages and rates
