NURS 497 (EXAM 2) QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
What is the purpose of the glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c) test?
A) Checking for hyperlipidemia
B) Monitoring long-term serum glucose control
C) Detecting acute complications of diabetes
D) Measuring fasting glucose levels - Answers B
What is the most common cause of Addison's disease?
A) An autoimmune reaction
B) Dietary deficiency of sodium and potassium
C) Viral infection of the pituitary gland
D) Cancer - Answers A
What is the earliest manifestation of diabetes-induced kidney dysfunction?
A) Decreased glomerular filtration
B) Polyuria
C) Glycosuria
D) Microalbuminuria - Answers B
A nurse checks laboratory results as both Cushing's disease and Addison's disease can manifest
with elevated levels of:
A) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
B) Aldosterone
C) Estrogen.
D) ADH. - Answers A
What is the cause of the hyperpigmentation seen in people with Cushing's syndrome?
A) Abnormal levels of cortisol
B) Hypersensitivity of melanocytes with sun exposure
C) Elevated levels of ACTH
,D) Permissive effects of aldosterone when cortisol levels are altered - Answers C
Which physical feature supports the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome?
A) Depigmented skin and eyelid lag
B) Weight loss and muscle wasting
C) Truncal obesity and moon face
D) Pallor and swollen tongue - Answers C
What causes the chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications of DM?
A) Pancreatic changes
B) Hyperinsulinemia
C) Ketone toxicity
D) Hyperglycemia - Answers D
Which of the following alterations would the nurse expect to find in a patient with untreated
Cushing's disease or syndrome?
A)Tachypnea
B) Hypertension
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Bradycardia - Answers B
A 65-year-old patient has been taking prednisone to manage symptoms of Crohn's disease for
the past several years. When following up with her gastroenterologist, she was diagnosed with
Cushing syndrome. Which signs and symptoms would the nurse expect to observe that would
support this diagnosis? Select all that apply.
A) Elevated serum ACTH level
B) Excess bruising on arms and legs
C) Watery bowel movements
D) Abdominal cramping
E) Hypokalemia
F) Hypoglycemia
, G) Muscle weakness in legs and arms
H) Increased facial hair - Answers B, E, G, H
A patient is admitted to the medical unit for complications of long-term, poorly controlled type
2 DM. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in addition to elevated glucose?
A) Atherosclerosis
B) Metabolic alkalosis
C) Elevated liver enzymes
D) Anemia - Answers A
A nurse observes dental deterioration when assessing a client diagnosed with bulimia nervosa.
What explains this assessment finding?
A) Food is rapidly ingested without proper mastication
B) Purging causes the depletion of dietary calcium.
C) The emesis produced during purging is acidic and corrodes the tooth enamel.
D) Poor dental and oral hygiene leads to dental caries. - Answers C
A nursing instructor is teaching students about the differences between the symptoms of
anorexia nervosa and the symptoms of bulimia nervosa. Which student statement indicates that
learning has occurred?
A) "Clients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa experience amenorrhea, whereas clients diagnosed
with anorexia nervosa do not."
B) "Clients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa experience hypotension, edema, and lanugo,
whereas clients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa do not."
C) "Clients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa experience extreme nutritional deficits, whereas
clients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa do not."
D) "Clients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa have eroded tooth enamel, whereas clients
diagnosed with bulimia nervosa do not." - Answers C
A military veteran is being assessed for outpatient therapy after he reports having problems at
home and at work. Which of the symptoms that he describes are commonly associated with
PTSD? Select all that apply.
A) "I've been having trouble sleeping and I think I've been having nightmares but I can't
remember them."
What is the purpose of the glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c) test?
A) Checking for hyperlipidemia
B) Monitoring long-term serum glucose control
C) Detecting acute complications of diabetes
D) Measuring fasting glucose levels - Answers B
What is the most common cause of Addison's disease?
A) An autoimmune reaction
B) Dietary deficiency of sodium and potassium
C) Viral infection of the pituitary gland
D) Cancer - Answers A
What is the earliest manifestation of diabetes-induced kidney dysfunction?
A) Decreased glomerular filtration
B) Polyuria
C) Glycosuria
D) Microalbuminuria - Answers B
A nurse checks laboratory results as both Cushing's disease and Addison's disease can manifest
with elevated levels of:
A) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
B) Aldosterone
C) Estrogen.
D) ADH. - Answers A
What is the cause of the hyperpigmentation seen in people with Cushing's syndrome?
A) Abnormal levels of cortisol
B) Hypersensitivity of melanocytes with sun exposure
C) Elevated levels of ACTH
,D) Permissive effects of aldosterone when cortisol levels are altered - Answers C
Which physical feature supports the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome?
A) Depigmented skin and eyelid lag
B) Weight loss and muscle wasting
C) Truncal obesity and moon face
D) Pallor and swollen tongue - Answers C
What causes the chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications of DM?
A) Pancreatic changes
B) Hyperinsulinemia
C) Ketone toxicity
D) Hyperglycemia - Answers D
Which of the following alterations would the nurse expect to find in a patient with untreated
Cushing's disease or syndrome?
A)Tachypnea
B) Hypertension
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Bradycardia - Answers B
A 65-year-old patient has been taking prednisone to manage symptoms of Crohn's disease for
the past several years. When following up with her gastroenterologist, she was diagnosed with
Cushing syndrome. Which signs and symptoms would the nurse expect to observe that would
support this diagnosis? Select all that apply.
A) Elevated serum ACTH level
B) Excess bruising on arms and legs
C) Watery bowel movements
D) Abdominal cramping
E) Hypokalemia
F) Hypoglycemia
, G) Muscle weakness in legs and arms
H) Increased facial hair - Answers B, E, G, H
A patient is admitted to the medical unit for complications of long-term, poorly controlled type
2 DM. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in addition to elevated glucose?
A) Atherosclerosis
B) Metabolic alkalosis
C) Elevated liver enzymes
D) Anemia - Answers A
A nurse observes dental deterioration when assessing a client diagnosed with bulimia nervosa.
What explains this assessment finding?
A) Food is rapidly ingested without proper mastication
B) Purging causes the depletion of dietary calcium.
C) The emesis produced during purging is acidic and corrodes the tooth enamel.
D) Poor dental and oral hygiene leads to dental caries. - Answers C
A nursing instructor is teaching students about the differences between the symptoms of
anorexia nervosa and the symptoms of bulimia nervosa. Which student statement indicates that
learning has occurred?
A) "Clients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa experience amenorrhea, whereas clients diagnosed
with anorexia nervosa do not."
B) "Clients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa experience hypotension, edema, and lanugo,
whereas clients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa do not."
C) "Clients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa experience extreme nutritional deficits, whereas
clients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa do not."
D) "Clients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa have eroded tooth enamel, whereas clients
diagnosed with bulimia nervosa do not." - Answers C
A military veteran is being assessed for outpatient therapy after he reports having problems at
home and at work. Which of the symptoms that he describes are commonly associated with
PTSD? Select all that apply.
A) "I've been having trouble sleeping and I think I've been having nightmares but I can't
remember them."
