BPS 1101 MIDTERM 2 EXAM WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Who were the first athletes to use doping? - Answer-Horses; fast ones were doped to
make them slower, slow horse wins and payout is bigger; started testing their saliva
Forced March - Answer-Used to enhance endurance; contained caffeine, cocaine,
alcohol, nitroglycerine and strychnine; strychnine was only beneficial substance (rat
poison but acts as drug if administered properly)
Thomas Hicks - Answer-Collapsed during 1904 Olympic marathon; drank strychnine
and won; used to think consumption of water was bad for athletes
Adrenaline (in sports) - Answer-Used as a performance enhancing drug in 1901; wasn't
ideal because it had a short duration (minutes) and required an IV injection
How does cancer occur? - Answer-Normal cells become cancerous; cancer cell growth
is uncontrolled ("off" switch for cell growth is broken); cells divide continuously (more
than 50 divisions); cells are mobile (metastasis); requires 8-10 mutations in same cell
How is normal cell growth regulated? - Answer-Normal cell growth is closely regulated;
cells divide on command and have a max of 50 divisions; cells must touch similar cells;
apoptosis
Harmful effects of smoking - Answer-Lung cancer - 190 000 cases in 2004 from
smoking (vs. 400 cases in 1919)
Creates wrinkles - damages collagen
Emphysema - significant cause of death in smokers
Low birth weight - smoking during pregnancy
Second hand smoke is also harmful
Design of cigarettes - Answer-Use paper made from tobacco cut into small strips; paper
is designed to control burn rate (burn rings; thicker areas burn slower); filter doesn't do
anything; engineered to deliver nicotine
Light Cigarettes - Answer-Just as dangerous as normal ones; poke holes in filter; when
tested, air goes into holes and makes smoke appear healthier
Lawsuits against tobacco companies - Answer-Companies suppress information;
companies have designed safer cigarettes but won't sell them b/c it implies their old
, products weren't safe; claim tobacco isn't addictive b/c it doesn't cause intoxication (part
of definition); people try to sue them but they just wait until they die
Apoptosis - Answer-Programmed cell death; protects body from viruses and cancer;
p53 is an important suicide protein
How does tobacco increase your cancer risk? - Answer-Tobacco contains over 4800
chemicals (40 are carcinogenic); polonium 210 vaporizes then lines the lungs,
dangerous to human tissue; combustion products (benzopyrenes) are linked to DNA
mutation
How does diet/obesity increase your cancer risk? - Answer-Cooking meat creates
carcinogens (eating plants help to ensure harmless removal of products)
Fiber promotes passage of waste; harmful substances stick to it and leave body
Obesity increases risk for everything because your organs cannot support the excess
weight
How can viruses increase your cancer risk? - Answer-Account for around 15% of cancer
death; high risk viruses target p53; more vulnerable to mutation
How does alcohol increase your cancer risk? - Answer-Acts as a carcinogen
Oncogenes - Answer-Gene that has the potential to cause cancer
Phorbol - Answer-Chemical used to induce cancer in lab settings
How do cancer drugs work? - Answer-Target fastest growing cells first (explains hair
loss)
Strategy for chemotherapy - Answer-Kill the cancer faster than you kill the patient
Side effects of chemotherapy - Answer-Death, cancer, extreme nausea, vomiting, hair
loss, immune suppression, sterility
Nitrogen mustards - Answer-Used in WWI as weapon, destroy tissue; doctors noticed
that those who survived attacks had fewer WBCs, though it could be a potential drug for
leukemia
Mustine - Answer-First cancer drug; similar chemical structure to mustard gas; DNA
damage to tumour cells but not normal cells
Cisplatin - Answer-Made in 1845; discovered it could inhibit cell division (anticancer
activity); approved for human use in 1978; used today in 40-80% of all cancer patients;
gets trapped in cancer cells and becomes toxic
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Who were the first athletes to use doping? - Answer-Horses; fast ones were doped to
make them slower, slow horse wins and payout is bigger; started testing their saliva
Forced March - Answer-Used to enhance endurance; contained caffeine, cocaine,
alcohol, nitroglycerine and strychnine; strychnine was only beneficial substance (rat
poison but acts as drug if administered properly)
Thomas Hicks - Answer-Collapsed during 1904 Olympic marathon; drank strychnine
and won; used to think consumption of water was bad for athletes
Adrenaline (in sports) - Answer-Used as a performance enhancing drug in 1901; wasn't
ideal because it had a short duration (minutes) and required an IV injection
How does cancer occur? - Answer-Normal cells become cancerous; cancer cell growth
is uncontrolled ("off" switch for cell growth is broken); cells divide continuously (more
than 50 divisions); cells are mobile (metastasis); requires 8-10 mutations in same cell
How is normal cell growth regulated? - Answer-Normal cell growth is closely regulated;
cells divide on command and have a max of 50 divisions; cells must touch similar cells;
apoptosis
Harmful effects of smoking - Answer-Lung cancer - 190 000 cases in 2004 from
smoking (vs. 400 cases in 1919)
Creates wrinkles - damages collagen
Emphysema - significant cause of death in smokers
Low birth weight - smoking during pregnancy
Second hand smoke is also harmful
Design of cigarettes - Answer-Use paper made from tobacco cut into small strips; paper
is designed to control burn rate (burn rings; thicker areas burn slower); filter doesn't do
anything; engineered to deliver nicotine
Light Cigarettes - Answer-Just as dangerous as normal ones; poke holes in filter; when
tested, air goes into holes and makes smoke appear healthier
Lawsuits against tobacco companies - Answer-Companies suppress information;
companies have designed safer cigarettes but won't sell them b/c it implies their old
, products weren't safe; claim tobacco isn't addictive b/c it doesn't cause intoxication (part
of definition); people try to sue them but they just wait until they die
Apoptosis - Answer-Programmed cell death; protects body from viruses and cancer;
p53 is an important suicide protein
How does tobacco increase your cancer risk? - Answer-Tobacco contains over 4800
chemicals (40 are carcinogenic); polonium 210 vaporizes then lines the lungs,
dangerous to human tissue; combustion products (benzopyrenes) are linked to DNA
mutation
How does diet/obesity increase your cancer risk? - Answer-Cooking meat creates
carcinogens (eating plants help to ensure harmless removal of products)
Fiber promotes passage of waste; harmful substances stick to it and leave body
Obesity increases risk for everything because your organs cannot support the excess
weight
How can viruses increase your cancer risk? - Answer-Account for around 15% of cancer
death; high risk viruses target p53; more vulnerable to mutation
How does alcohol increase your cancer risk? - Answer-Acts as a carcinogen
Oncogenes - Answer-Gene that has the potential to cause cancer
Phorbol - Answer-Chemical used to induce cancer in lab settings
How do cancer drugs work? - Answer-Target fastest growing cells first (explains hair
loss)
Strategy for chemotherapy - Answer-Kill the cancer faster than you kill the patient
Side effects of chemotherapy - Answer-Death, cancer, extreme nausea, vomiting, hair
loss, immune suppression, sterility
Nitrogen mustards - Answer-Used in WWI as weapon, destroy tissue; doctors noticed
that those who survived attacks had fewer WBCs, though it could be a potential drug for
leukemia
Mustine - Answer-First cancer drug; similar chemical structure to mustard gas; DNA
damage to tumour cells but not normal cells
Cisplatin - Answer-Made in 1845; discovered it could inhibit cell division (anticancer
activity); approved for human use in 1978; used today in 40-80% of all cancer patients;
gets trapped in cancer cells and becomes toxic
