NURS 407
NURS 407 Final Exam 2026
1
I. Key Terms: periosteum, epiphyseal plate, luxation, subluxation, kyphosis, lordosis
periosteum- membrane that covers bones
epiphyseal plate- hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone
luxation- abnormal separation of a joint
subluxation- incomplete or partial dislocation
kyphosis- excesive outward curvature of the spine, hunchback
lordosis- inward curvature of spine, straight spine
2
I. Labs to review: CRP, ESR, Calcium and Phosphorus
CRP, ESR- inflammatory markers
Calcium and Phosphorus- needed to build bone
3
Common Interventions
a. Ice vs Heat Applications- RICE first 12 to 24 hours
b. Casting- fiberglass, keep elevated, observe circulation
c. Traction- prevent muscle spasms, maintain alignment after fracture, prevent
contracture deformity, improve immobilization
i. Maintain traction, dont log roll, promote position changes within restrictions
NURS 407
, NURS 407
d. Pin care- infection and skin care
e. Prevention of Complications of Immobilization- position changes to prevent
contractures, and skin breakdown, improve circulation, and GI motility
f. Dietary- calcium?
4
I. Neurovascular assessment
5 Ps:
Pain
Pulse
Pallor
Parasthesia
Paralysis
5
I. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
a. Etiology, pathophysiology, assessment, diagnostic exams
- abnormal development of hip structures
-Assessment: abduct the thighs and placing anterior pressure at the hips
-Diagnostic- US at 2 weeks, X-ray 6 months or greater
-Clinical Signs
1. Asymmetry of the gluteal and thigh folds
2. Galeazzi sign: difference in knee height
3. Barlow test (hip is dislocated by adduction) Ortolani (hip is reduced by abduction
NURS 407
NURS 407 Final Exam 2026
1
I. Key Terms: periosteum, epiphyseal plate, luxation, subluxation, kyphosis, lordosis
periosteum- membrane that covers bones
epiphyseal plate- hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone
luxation- abnormal separation of a joint
subluxation- incomplete or partial dislocation
kyphosis- excesive outward curvature of the spine, hunchback
lordosis- inward curvature of spine, straight spine
2
I. Labs to review: CRP, ESR, Calcium and Phosphorus
CRP, ESR- inflammatory markers
Calcium and Phosphorus- needed to build bone
3
Common Interventions
a. Ice vs Heat Applications- RICE first 12 to 24 hours
b. Casting- fiberglass, keep elevated, observe circulation
c. Traction- prevent muscle spasms, maintain alignment after fracture, prevent
contracture deformity, improve immobilization
i. Maintain traction, dont log roll, promote position changes within restrictions
NURS 407
, NURS 407
d. Pin care- infection and skin care
e. Prevention of Complications of Immobilization- position changes to prevent
contractures, and skin breakdown, improve circulation, and GI motility
f. Dietary- calcium?
4
I. Neurovascular assessment
5 Ps:
Pain
Pulse
Pallor
Parasthesia
Paralysis
5
I. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
a. Etiology, pathophysiology, assessment, diagnostic exams
- abnormal development of hip structures
-Assessment: abduct the thighs and placing anterior pressure at the hips
-Diagnostic- US at 2 weeks, X-ray 6 months or greater
-Clinical Signs
1. Asymmetry of the gluteal and thigh folds
2. Galeazzi sign: difference in knee height
3. Barlow test (hip is dislocated by adduction) Ortolani (hip is reduced by abduction
NURS 407
