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NSG 320 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+/NEWEST UPDATE
Questions and Correct Answers/ Latest Update /
Already Graded
In respiratory alkalosis
Ans: - pH is high and PaCO2 is low
- Caused by:
* HYPERVENTILATION
* Hypoxemia from acute pulmonary disorders
* Pain
* Fear/anxiety
* Salicylate or Nicotine overdose
* Increased metabolism
- Compensation rarely occurs due to aggressive treatment for hypoxemia
In respiratory acidosis
Ans: "When you're on acid, you're relaxing and HYPOventilating"
- pH is low and PaCO2 is high
- Caused by:
* HYPOVENTILATION
* Respiratory failure
* Asthma attacks
* COPD
* Chest injury or trauma
* Pulmonary edema
* Medications
* Obstructive sleep apnea
- Compensation may occur when kidneys conserve HCO3 and secrete H into
urine
© 2025/ 2026 | ® All rights reserved
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In metabolic alkalosis
Ans: - pH and HCO3 are high and PaCO2 is high or normal
- Caused by:
* Vomiting
* Gastric suction
* Extracellular fluid deficit
* Dehydration
* Circulatory shock
* Loop or thiazide diuretic use
* Hypokalemia
* Ingestion of baking soda
- Compensation occurs if CO2 is retained or HCO3 is excreted
In metabolic acidosis
Ans: - Kussmaul respirations
- pH and HCO3 are low and the PaCO2 is low or normal
- Caused by:
* Fasting/starving
* Cardiac arrest
* Sepsis
* Trauma
* Seizures
* Renal failure
* Severe diarrhea
- Compensation may occur during exhaling increase CO2
Normal values for ABG
© 2025/ 2026 | ® All rights reserved
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Ans: - pH: 7.35 - 7.45
- PaCO2: 35 - 45 mm Hg
- HCO3 (Bicarbonate): 22 - 26 mEq/:
- PaO2: 80 - 100 mm HG
- SaO2: >95%
- Base excess: +/- 2.0 meQ/L
Thyroid hormones
Ans: - TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone
- T3: Triiodothyronine hormone
- T4: Thyroxine hormone
Euthyroid
Ans: - Normal functioning thyroid
Hypothyroidism
Ans: - Deficiency of thyroid hormone that causes a general slowing of the
metabolic rate
- Iodine deficiency is most common cause
*Thyroid cannot make T3+T4 WITHOUT iodine*
Primary hypothyroidism
Ans: - Caused by destruction of thyroid tissue or defective hormone synthesis
- Most common cause is atrophy to thyroid gland which can be caused by
Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Graves' disease
Secondary hypothyroidism
© 2025/ 2026 | ® All rights reserved
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Ans: - Caused by pituitary disease TSH secretion or hypothalamic dysfunction
with decreased-releasing hormone (TRH) secretion
Clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism
Ans: - Slow and low
- Decreased body processes
- Decreased cardiac contractility and output
- Increased serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels
- Anemia
Diagnostic studies consistent with hypothyroidism
Ans: - TSH higher than 4.5
Interprofessional mgmt for hypothyroidism
Ans: - Thyroid replacement
- Monitor for CV disease
- Monitor HR, report higher than 100 BMP
- Monitor for chest pain, weight loss, nervousness, tremors, and/or insomnia
- Monitor thyroid levels and adjust dosage
- Nutrition therapy for weight loss
- Patient and caregiver teaching
Patient and caregiver teaching for hypothyroidism
© 2025/ 2026 | ® All rights reserved
NSG 320 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+/NEWEST UPDATE
Questions and Correct Answers/ Latest Update /
Already Graded
In respiratory alkalosis
Ans: - pH is high and PaCO2 is low
- Caused by:
* HYPERVENTILATION
* Hypoxemia from acute pulmonary disorders
* Pain
* Fear/anxiety
* Salicylate or Nicotine overdose
* Increased metabolism
- Compensation rarely occurs due to aggressive treatment for hypoxemia
In respiratory acidosis
Ans: "When you're on acid, you're relaxing and HYPOventilating"
- pH is low and PaCO2 is high
- Caused by:
* HYPOVENTILATION
* Respiratory failure
* Asthma attacks
* COPD
* Chest injury or trauma
* Pulmonary edema
* Medications
* Obstructive sleep apnea
- Compensation may occur when kidneys conserve HCO3 and secrete H into
urine
© 2025/ 2026 | ® All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
In metabolic alkalosis
Ans: - pH and HCO3 are high and PaCO2 is high or normal
- Caused by:
* Vomiting
* Gastric suction
* Extracellular fluid deficit
* Dehydration
* Circulatory shock
* Loop or thiazide diuretic use
* Hypokalemia
* Ingestion of baking soda
- Compensation occurs if CO2 is retained or HCO3 is excreted
In metabolic acidosis
Ans: - Kussmaul respirations
- pH and HCO3 are low and the PaCO2 is low or normal
- Caused by:
* Fasting/starving
* Cardiac arrest
* Sepsis
* Trauma
* Seizures
* Renal failure
* Severe diarrhea
- Compensation may occur during exhaling increase CO2
Normal values for ABG
© 2025/ 2026 | ® All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
Ans: - pH: 7.35 - 7.45
- PaCO2: 35 - 45 mm Hg
- HCO3 (Bicarbonate): 22 - 26 mEq/:
- PaO2: 80 - 100 mm HG
- SaO2: >95%
- Base excess: +/- 2.0 meQ/L
Thyroid hormones
Ans: - TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone
- T3: Triiodothyronine hormone
- T4: Thyroxine hormone
Euthyroid
Ans: - Normal functioning thyroid
Hypothyroidism
Ans: - Deficiency of thyroid hormone that causes a general slowing of the
metabolic rate
- Iodine deficiency is most common cause
*Thyroid cannot make T3+T4 WITHOUT iodine*
Primary hypothyroidism
Ans: - Caused by destruction of thyroid tissue or defective hormone synthesis
- Most common cause is atrophy to thyroid gland which can be caused by
Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Graves' disease
Secondary hypothyroidism
© 2025/ 2026 | ® All rights reserved
, 4 | Page
Ans: - Caused by pituitary disease TSH secretion or hypothalamic dysfunction
with decreased-releasing hormone (TRH) secretion
Clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism
Ans: - Slow and low
- Decreased body processes
- Decreased cardiac contractility and output
- Increased serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels
- Anemia
Diagnostic studies consistent with hypothyroidism
Ans: - TSH higher than 4.5
Interprofessional mgmt for hypothyroidism
Ans: - Thyroid replacement
- Monitor for CV disease
- Monitor HR, report higher than 100 BMP
- Monitor for chest pain, weight loss, nervousness, tremors, and/or insomnia
- Monitor thyroid levels and adjust dosage
- Nutrition therapy for weight loss
- Patient and caregiver teaching
Patient and caregiver teaching for hypothyroidism
© 2025/ 2026 | ® All rights reserved
